Initial vendor packages

Signed-off-by: Valentin Popov <valentin@popov.link>

1 files changed, 2712 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/clap_builder/src/builder/value_parser.rs b/vendor/clap_builder/src/builder/value_parser.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f0ef92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/clap_builder/src/builder/value_parser.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2712 @@
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+use std::ops::RangeBounds;
+
+use crate::builder::Str;
+use crate::builder::StyledStr;
+use crate::parser::ValueSource;
+use crate::util::AnyValue;
+use crate::util::AnyValueId;
+
+/// Parse/validate argument values
+///
+/// Specified with [`Arg::value_parser`][crate::Arg::value_parser].
+///
+/// `ValueParser` defines how to convert a raw argument value into a validated and typed value for
+/// use within an application.
+///
+/// See
+/// - [`value_parser!`][crate::value_parser] for automatically selecting an implementation for a given type
+/// - [`ValueParser::new`] for additional [`TypedValueParser`] that can be used
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("color")
+///             .long("color")
+///             .value_parser(["always", "auto", "never"])
+///             .default_value("auto")
+///     )
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("hostname")
+///             .long("hostname")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser::new())
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     )
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(u16).range(3000..))
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(
+///     ["cmd", "--hostname", "rust-lang.org", "--port", "3001"]
+/// ).unwrap();
+///
+/// let color: &String = m.get_one("color")
+///     .expect("default");
+/// assert_eq!(color, "auto");
+///
+/// let hostname: &String = m.get_one("hostname")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(hostname, "rust-lang.org");
+///
+/// let port: u16 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+pub struct ValueParser(ValueParserInner);
+
+enum ValueParserInner {
+    // Common enough to optimize and for possible values
+    Bool,
+    // Common enough to optimize
+    String,
+    // Common enough to optimize
+    OsString,
+    // Common enough to optimize
+    PathBuf,
+    Other(Box<dyn AnyValueParser>),
+}
+
+impl ValueParser {
+    /// Custom parser for argument values
+    ///
+    /// Pre-existing [`TypedValueParser`] implementations include:
+    /// - `Fn(&str) -> Result<T, E>`
+    /// - [`EnumValueParser`] and  [`PossibleValuesParser`] for static enumerated values
+    /// - [`BoolishValueParser`] and [`FalseyValueParser`] for alternative `bool` implementations
+    /// - [`RangedI64ValueParser`] and [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+    /// - [`NonEmptyStringValueParser`]
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// type EnvVar = (String, Option<String>);
+    /// fn parse_env_var(env: &str) -> Result<EnvVar, std::io::Error> {
+    ///     if let Some((var, value)) = env.split_once('=') {
+    ///         Ok((var.to_owned(), Some(value.to_owned())))
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         Ok((env.to_owned(), None))
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         clap::Arg::new("env")
+    ///             .value_parser(clap::builder::ValueParser::new(parse_env_var))
+    ///             .required(true)
+    ///     );
+    ///
+    /// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "key=value"]).unwrap();
+    /// let port: &EnvVar = m.get_one("env")
+    ///     .expect("required");
+    /// assert_eq!(*port, ("key".into(), Some("value".into())));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new<P>(other: P) -> Self
+    where
+        P: TypedValueParser,
+    {
+        Self(ValueParserInner::Other(Box::new(other)))
+    }
+
+    /// [`bool`] parser for argument values
+    ///
+    /// See also:
+    /// - [`BoolishValueParser`] for different human readable bool representations
+    /// - [`FalseyValueParser`] for assuming non-false is true
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         clap::Arg::new("download")
+    ///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(bool))
+    ///             .required(true)
+    ///     );
+    ///
+    /// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "true"]).unwrap();
+    /// let port: bool = *m.get_one("download")
+    ///     .expect("required");
+    /// assert_eq!(port, true);
+    ///
+    /// assert!(cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "forever"]).is_err());
+    /// ```
+    pub const fn bool() -> Self {
+        Self(ValueParserInner::Bool)
+    }
+
+    /// [`String`] parser for argument values
+    ///
+    /// See also:
+    /// - [`NonEmptyStringValueParser`]
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+    ///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(String))
+    ///             .required(true)
+    ///     );
+    ///
+    /// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "80"]).unwrap();
+    /// let port: &String = m.get_one("port")
+    ///     .expect("required");
+    /// assert_eq!(port, "80");
+    /// ```
+    pub const fn string() -> Self {
+        Self(ValueParserInner::String)
+    }
+
+    /// [`OsString`][std::ffi::OsString] parser for argument values
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[cfg(unix)] {
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, builder::ValueParser};
+    /// use std::ffi::OsString;
+    /// use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt,OsStringExt};
+    /// let r = Command::new("myprog")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         Arg::new("arg")
+    ///         .required(true)
+    ///         .value_parser(ValueParser::os_string())
+    ///     )
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec![
+    ///         OsString::from("myprog"),
+    ///         OsString::from_vec(vec![0xe9])
+    ///     ]);
+    ///
+    /// assert!(r.is_ok());
+    /// let m = r.unwrap();
+    /// let arg: &OsString = m.get_one("arg")
+    ///     .expect("required");
+    /// assert_eq!(arg.as_bytes(), &[0xe9]);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub const fn os_string() -> Self {
+        Self(ValueParserInner::OsString)
+    }
+
+    /// [`PathBuf`][std::path::PathBuf] parser for argument values
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// # use std::path::Path;
+    /// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         clap::Arg::new("output")
+    ///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(PathBuf))
+    ///             .required(true)
+    ///     );
+    ///
+    /// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "hello.txt"]).unwrap();
+    /// let port: &PathBuf = m.get_one("output")
+    ///     .expect("required");
+    /// assert_eq!(port, Path::new("hello.txt"));
+    ///
+    /// assert!(cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", ""]).is_err());
+    /// ```
+    pub const fn path_buf() -> Self {
+        Self(ValueParserInner::PathBuf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ValueParser {
+    /// Parse into a `AnyValue`
+    ///
+    /// When `arg` is `None`, an external subcommand value is being parsed.
+    pub(crate) fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+        source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        self.any_value_parser().parse_ref_(cmd, arg, value, source)
+    }
+
+    /// Describes the content of `AnyValue`
+    pub fn type_id(&self) -> AnyValueId {
+        self.any_value_parser().type_id()
+    }
+
+    /// Reflect on enumerated value properties
+    ///
+    /// Error checking should not be done with this; it is mostly targeted at user-facing
+    /// applications like errors and completion.
+    pub fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        self.any_value_parser().possible_values()
+    }
+
+    fn any_value_parser(&self) -> &dyn AnyValueParser {
+        match &self.0 {
+            ValueParserInner::Bool => &BoolValueParser {},
+            ValueParserInner::String => &StringValueParser {},
+            ValueParserInner::OsString => &OsStringValueParser {},
+            ValueParserInner::PathBuf => &PathBufValueParser {},
+            ValueParserInner::Other(o) => o.as_ref(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convert a [`TypedValueParser`] to [`ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("hostname")
+///             .long("hostname")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser::new())
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(
+///     ["cmd", "--hostname", "rust-lang.org"]
+/// ).unwrap();
+///
+/// let hostname: &String = m.get_one("hostname")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(hostname, "rust-lang.org");
+/// ```
+impl<P> From<P> for ValueParser
+where
+    P: TypedValueParser + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    fn from(p: P) -> Self {
+        Self::new(p)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<_AnonymousValueParser> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(p: _AnonymousValueParser) -> Self {
+        p.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create an `i64` [`ValueParser`] from a `N..M` range
+///
+/// See [`RangedI64ValueParser`] for more control over the output type.
+///
+/// See also [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(3000..4000)
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "3001"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: i64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+impl From<std::ops::Range<i64>> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(value: std::ops::Range<i64>) -> Self {
+        let inner = RangedI64ValueParser::<i64>::new().range(value.start..value.end);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create an `i64` [`ValueParser`] from a `N..=M` range
+///
+/// See [`RangedI64ValueParser`] for more control over the output type.
+///
+/// See also [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(3000..=4000)
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "3001"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: i64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+impl From<std::ops::RangeInclusive<i64>> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(value: std::ops::RangeInclusive<i64>) -> Self {
+        let inner = RangedI64ValueParser::<i64>::new().range(value.start()..=value.end());
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create an `i64` [`ValueParser`] from a `N..` range
+///
+/// See [`RangedI64ValueParser`] for more control over the output type.
+///
+/// See also [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(3000..)
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "3001"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: i64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+impl From<std::ops::RangeFrom<i64>> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(value: std::ops::RangeFrom<i64>) -> Self {
+        let inner = RangedI64ValueParser::<i64>::new().range(value.start..);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create an `i64` [`ValueParser`] from a `..M` range
+///
+/// See [`RangedI64ValueParser`] for more control over the output type.
+///
+/// See also [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(..3000)
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "80"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: i64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 80);
+/// ```
+impl From<std::ops::RangeTo<i64>> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(value: std::ops::RangeTo<i64>) -> Self {
+        let inner = RangedI64ValueParser::<i64>::new().range(..value.end);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create an `i64` [`ValueParser`] from a `..=M` range
+///
+/// See [`RangedI64ValueParser`] for more control over the output type.
+///
+/// See also [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(..=3000)
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "80"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: i64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 80);
+/// ```
+impl From<std::ops::RangeToInclusive<i64>> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(value: std::ops::RangeToInclusive<i64>) -> Self {
+        let inner = RangedI64ValueParser::<i64>::new().range(..=value.end);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create an `i64` [`ValueParser`] from a `..` range
+///
+/// See [`RangedI64ValueParser`] for more control over the output type.
+///
+/// See also [`RangedU64ValueParser`]
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(..)
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "3001"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: i64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+impl From<std::ops::RangeFull> for ValueParser {
+    fn from(value: std::ops::RangeFull) -> Self {
+        let inner = RangedI64ValueParser::<i64>::new().range(value);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a [`ValueParser`] with [`PossibleValuesParser`]
+///
+/// See [`PossibleValuesParser`] for more flexibility in creating the
+/// [`PossibleValue`][crate::builder::PossibleValue]s.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("color")
+///             .long("color")
+///             .value_parser(["always", "auto", "never"])
+///             .default_value("auto")
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(
+///     ["cmd", "--color", "never"]
+/// ).unwrap();
+///
+/// let color: &String = m.get_one("color")
+///     .expect("default");
+/// assert_eq!(color, "never");
+/// ```
+impl<P, const C: usize> From<[P; C]> for ValueParser
+where
+    P: Into<super::PossibleValue>,
+{
+    fn from(values: [P; C]) -> Self {
+        let inner = PossibleValuesParser::from(values);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a [`ValueParser`] with [`PossibleValuesParser`]
+///
+/// See [`PossibleValuesParser`] for more flexibility in creating the
+/// [`PossibleValue`][crate::builder::PossibleValue]s.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let possible = vec!["always", "auto", "never"];
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("color")
+///             .long("color")
+///             .value_parser(possible)
+///             .default_value("auto")
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(
+///     ["cmd", "--color", "never"]
+/// ).unwrap();
+///
+/// let color: &String = m.get_one("color")
+///     .expect("default");
+/// assert_eq!(color, "never");
+/// ```
+impl<P> From<Vec<P>> for ValueParser
+where
+    P: Into<super::PossibleValue>,
+{
+    fn from(values: Vec<P>) -> Self {
+        let inner = PossibleValuesParser::from(values);
+        Self::from(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for ValueParser {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        match &self.0 {
+            ValueParserInner::Bool => f.debug_struct("ValueParser::bool").finish(),
+            ValueParserInner::String => f.debug_struct("ValueParser::string").finish(),
+            ValueParserInner::OsString => f.debug_struct("ValueParser::os_string").finish(),
+            ValueParserInner::PathBuf => f.debug_struct("ValueParser::path_buf").finish(),
+            ValueParserInner::Other(o) => write!(f, "ValueParser::other({:?})", o.type_id()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for ValueParser {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(match &self.0 {
+            ValueParserInner::Bool => ValueParserInner::Bool,
+            ValueParserInner::String => ValueParserInner::String,
+            ValueParserInner::OsString => ValueParserInner::OsString,
+            ValueParserInner::PathBuf => ValueParserInner::PathBuf,
+            ValueParserInner::Other(o) => ValueParserInner::Other(o.clone_any()),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// A type-erased wrapper for [`TypedValueParser`].
+trait AnyValueParser: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error>;
+
+    fn parse_ref_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+        _source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        self.parse_ref(cmd, arg, value)
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error>;
+
+    fn parse_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+        _source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        self.parse(cmd, arg, value)
+    }
+
+    /// Describes the content of `AnyValue`
+    fn type_id(&self) -> AnyValueId;
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>>;
+
+    fn clone_any(&self) -> Box<dyn AnyValueParser>;
+}
+
+impl<T, P> AnyValueParser for P
+where
+    T: std::any::Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    P: TypedValueParser<Value = T>,
+{
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(TypedValueParser::parse_ref(self, cmd, arg, value));
+        Ok(AnyValue::new(value))
+    }
+
+    fn parse_ref_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+        source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(TypedValueParser::parse_ref_(self, cmd, arg, value, source));
+        Ok(AnyValue::new(value))
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(TypedValueParser::parse(self, cmd, arg, value));
+        Ok(AnyValue::new(value))
+    }
+
+    fn parse_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+        source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<AnyValue, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(TypedValueParser::parse_(self, cmd, arg, value, source));
+        Ok(AnyValue::new(value))
+    }
+
+    fn type_id(&self) -> AnyValueId {
+        AnyValueId::of::<T>()
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        P::possible_values(self)
+    }
+
+    fn clone_any(&self) -> Box<dyn AnyValueParser> {
+        Box::new(self.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse/validate argument values
+///
+/// As alternatives to implementing `TypedValueParser`,
+/// - Use `Fn(&str) -> Result<T, E>` which implements `TypedValueParser`
+/// - [`TypedValueParser::map`] or [`TypedValueParser::try_map`] to adapt an existing `TypedValueParser`
+///
+/// See `ValueParserFactory` to register `TypedValueParser::Value` with
+/// [`value_parser!`][crate::value_parser].
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[cfg(feature = "error-context")] {
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use clap::error::ErrorKind;
+/// # use clap::error::ContextKind;
+/// # use clap::error::ContextValue;
+/// #[derive(Clone)]
+/// struct Custom(u32);
+///
+/// #[derive(Clone)]
+/// struct CustomValueParser;
+///
+/// impl clap::builder::TypedValueParser for CustomValueParser {
+///     type Value = Custom;
+///
+///     fn parse_ref(
+///         &self,
+///         cmd: &clap::Command,
+///         arg: Option<&clap::Arg>,
+///         value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+///     ) -> Result<Self::Value, clap::Error> {
+///         let inner = clap::value_parser!(u32);
+///         let val = inner.parse_ref(cmd, arg, value)?;
+///
+///         const INVALID_VALUE: u32 = 10;
+///         if val == INVALID_VALUE {
+///             let mut err = clap::Error::new(ErrorKind::ValueValidation)
+///                 .with_cmd(cmd);
+///             if let Some(arg) = arg {
+///                 err.insert(ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg.to_string()));
+///             }
+///             err.insert(ContextKind::InvalidValue, ContextValue::String(INVALID_VALUE.to_string()));
+///             return Err(err);
+///         }
+///
+///         Ok(Custom(val))
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+pub trait TypedValueParser: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static {
+    /// Argument's value type
+    type Value: Send + Sync + Clone;
+
+    /// Parse the argument value
+    ///
+    /// When `arg` is `None`, an external subcommand value is being parsed.
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error>;
+
+    /// Parse the argument value
+    ///
+    /// When `arg` is `None`, an external subcommand value is being parsed.
+    fn parse_ref_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+        _source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        self.parse_ref(cmd, arg, value)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the argument value
+    ///
+    /// When `arg` is `None`, an external subcommand value is being parsed.
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        self.parse_ref(cmd, arg, &value)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the argument value
+    ///
+    /// When `arg` is `None`, an external subcommand value is being parsed.
+    fn parse_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+        _source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        self.parse(cmd, arg, value)
+    }
+
+    /// Reflect on enumerated value properties
+    ///
+    /// Error checking should not be done with this; it is mostly targeted at user-facing
+    /// applications like errors and completion.
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Adapt a `TypedValueParser` from one value to another
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::Command;
+    /// # use clap::Arg;
+    /// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser as _;
+    /// # use clap::builder::BoolishValueParser;
+    /// let cmd = Command::new("mycmd")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         Arg::new("flag")
+    ///             .long("flag")
+    ///             .action(clap::ArgAction::SetTrue)
+    ///             .value_parser(
+    ///                 BoolishValueParser::new()
+    ///                 .map(|b| -> usize {
+    ///                     if b { 10 } else { 5 }
+    ///                 })
+    ///             )
+    ///     );
+    ///
+    /// let matches = cmd.clone().try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "--flag"]).unwrap();
+    /// assert!(matches.contains_id("flag"));
+    /// assert_eq!(
+    ///     matches.get_one::<usize>("flag").copied(),
+    ///     Some(10)
+    /// );
+    ///
+    /// let matches = cmd.try_get_matches_from(["mycmd"]).unwrap();
+    /// assert!(matches.contains_id("flag"));
+    /// assert_eq!(
+    ///     matches.get_one::<usize>("flag").copied(),
+    ///     Some(5)
+    /// );
+    /// ```
+    fn map<T, F>(self, func: F) -> MapValueParser<Self, F>
+    where
+        T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+        F: Fn(Self::Value) -> T + Clone,
+    {
+        MapValueParser::new(self, func)
+    }
+
+    /// Adapt a `TypedValueParser` from one value to another
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use std::ffi::OsString;
+    /// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+    /// # use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// # use std::path::Path;
+    /// # use clap::Command;
+    /// # use clap::Arg;
+    /// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser as _;
+    /// # use clap::builder::OsStringValueParser;
+    /// let cmd = Command::new("mycmd")
+    ///     .arg(
+    ///         Arg::new("flag")
+    ///             .long("flag")
+    ///             .value_parser(
+    ///                 OsStringValueParser::new()
+    ///                 .try_map(verify_ext)
+    ///             )
+    ///     );
+    ///
+    /// fn verify_ext(os: OsString) -> Result<PathBuf, &'static str> {
+    ///     let path = PathBuf::from(os);
+    ///     if path.extension() != Some(OsStr::new("rs")) {
+    ///         return Err("only Rust files are supported");
+    ///     }
+    ///     Ok(path)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let error = cmd.clone().try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "--flag", "foo.txt"]).unwrap_err();
+    /// error.print();
+    ///
+    /// let matches = cmd.try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "--flag", "foo.rs"]).unwrap();
+    /// assert!(matches.contains_id("flag"));
+    /// assert_eq!(
+    ///     matches.get_one::<PathBuf>("flag").map(|s| s.as_path()),
+    ///     Some(Path::new("foo.rs"))
+    /// );
+    /// ```
+    fn try_map<T, E, F>(self, func: F) -> TryMapValueParser<Self, F>
+    where
+        F: Fn(Self::Value) -> Result<T, E> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+        E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    {
+        TryMapValueParser::new(self, func)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F, T, E> TypedValueParser for F
+where
+    F: Fn(&str) -> Result<T, E> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+{
+    type Value = T;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        let value = ok!((self)(value).map_err(|e| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(arg, value.to_owned(), e.into()).with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation for [`ValueParser::string`]
+///
+/// Useful for composing new [`TypedValueParser`]s
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct StringValueParser {}
+
+impl StringValueParser {
+    /// Implementation for [`ValueParser::string`]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for StringValueParser {
+    type Value = String;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        TypedValueParser::parse(self, cmd, arg, value.to_owned())
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        _arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(value.into_string().map_err(|_| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for StringValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation for [`ValueParser::os_string`]
+///
+/// Useful for composing new [`TypedValueParser`]s
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct OsStringValueParser {}
+
+impl OsStringValueParser {
+    /// Implementation for [`ValueParser::os_string`]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for OsStringValueParser {
+    type Value = std::ffi::OsString;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        TypedValueParser::parse(self, cmd, arg, value.to_owned())
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        _cmd: &crate::Command,
+        _arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for OsStringValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation for [`ValueParser::path_buf`]
+///
+/// Useful for composing new [`TypedValueParser`]s
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct PathBufValueParser {}
+
+impl PathBufValueParser {
+    /// Implementation for [`ValueParser::path_buf`]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for PathBufValueParser {
+    type Value = std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        TypedValueParser::parse(self, cmd, arg, value.to_owned())
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        if value.is_empty() {
+            return Err(crate::Error::empty_value(
+                cmd,
+                &[],
+                arg.map(ToString::to_string)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned()),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(Self::Value::from(value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for PathBufValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse an [`ValueEnum`][crate::ValueEnum] value.
+///
+/// See also:
+/// - [`PossibleValuesParser`]
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::ColorChoice;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+///
+/// // Usage
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("color")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::EnumValueParser::<ColorChoice>::new())
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "always"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: ColorChoice = *m.get_one("color")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, ColorChoice::Always);
+///
+/// // Semantics
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::EnumValueParser::<ColorChoice>::new();
+/// // or
+/// let value_parser = clap::value_parser!(ColorChoice);
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).is_err());
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("always")).unwrap(), ColorChoice::Always);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("auto")).unwrap(), ColorChoice::Auto);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("never")).unwrap(), ColorChoice::Never);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct EnumValueParser<E: crate::ValueEnum + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
+    std::marker::PhantomData<E>,
+);
+
+impl<E: crate::ValueEnum + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> EnumValueParser<E> {
+    /// Parse an [`ValueEnum`][crate::ValueEnum]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<E> = Default::default();
+        Self(phantom)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: crate::ValueEnum + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> TypedValueParser for EnumValueParser<E> {
+    type Value = E;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let ignore_case = arg.map(|a| a.is_ignore_case_set()).unwrap_or(false);
+        let possible_vals = || {
+            E::value_variants()
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|v| v.to_possible_value())
+                .filter(|v| !v.is_hide_set())
+                .map(|v| v.get_name().to_owned())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        };
+
+        let value = ok!(value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_value(
+                cmd,
+                value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                &possible_vals(),
+                arg.map(ToString::to_string)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned()),
+            )
+        }));
+        let value = ok!(E::value_variants()
+            .iter()
+            .find(|v| {
+                v.to_possible_value()
+                    .expect("ValueEnum::value_variants contains only values with a corresponding ValueEnum::to_possible_value")
+                    .matches(value, ignore_case)
+            })
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_value(
+                cmd,
+                value.to_owned(),
+                &possible_vals(),
+                arg.map(ToString::to_string)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned()),
+            )
+            }))
+            .clone();
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        Some(Box::new(
+            E::value_variants()
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|v| v.to_possible_value()),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: crate::ValueEnum + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> Default for EnumValueParser<E> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Verify the value is from an enumerated set of [`PossibleValue`][crate::builder::PossibleValue].
+///
+/// See also:
+/// - [`EnumValueParser`] for directly supporting [`ValueEnum`][crate::ValueEnum] types
+/// - [`TypedValueParser::map`] for adapting values to a more specialized type, like an external
+///   enums that can't implement [`ValueEnum`][crate::ValueEnum]
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("color")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::PossibleValuesParser::new(["always", "auto", "never"]))
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "always"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: &String = m.get_one("color")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, "always");
+/// ```
+///
+/// Semantics:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::PossibleValuesParser::new(["always", "auto", "never"]);
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).is_err());
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("always")).unwrap(), "always");
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("auto")).unwrap(), "auto");
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("never")).unwrap(), "never");
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct PossibleValuesParser(Vec<super::PossibleValue>);
+
+impl PossibleValuesParser {
+    /// Verify the value is from an enumerated set of [`PossibleValue`][crate::builder::PossibleValue].
+    pub fn new(values: impl Into<PossibleValuesParser>) -> Self {
+        values.into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for PossibleValuesParser {
+    type Value = String;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        TypedValueParser::parse(self, cmd, arg, value.to_owned())
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<String, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(value.into_string().map_err(|_| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+
+        let ignore_case = arg.map(|a| a.is_ignore_case_set()).unwrap_or(false);
+        if self.0.iter().any(|v| v.matches(&value, ignore_case)) {
+            Ok(value)
+        } else {
+            let possible_vals = self
+                .0
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|v| !v.is_hide_set())
+                .map(|v| v.get_name().to_owned())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+            Err(crate::Error::invalid_value(
+                cmd,
+                value,
+                &possible_vals,
+                arg.map(ToString::to_string)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned()),
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        Some(Box::new(self.0.iter().cloned()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, T> From<I> for PossibleValuesParser
+where
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
+    T: Into<super::PossibleValue>,
+{
+    fn from(values: I) -> Self {
+        Self(values.into_iter().map(|t| t.into()).collect())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse number that fall within a range of values
+///
+/// **NOTE:** To capture negative values, you will also need to set
+/// [`Arg::allow_negative_numbers`][crate::Arg::allow_negative_numbers] or
+/// [`Arg::allow_hyphen_values`][crate::Arg::allow_hyphen_values].
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(u16).range(3000..))
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "3001"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: u16 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+///
+/// Semantics:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::RangedI64ValueParser::<i32>::new().range(-1..200);
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("-200")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("300")).is_err());
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("-1")).unwrap(), -1);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("0")).unwrap(), 0);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("50")).unwrap(), 50);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct RangedI64ValueParser<T: std::convert::TryFrom<i64> + Clone + Send + Sync = i64> {
+    bounds: (std::ops::Bound<i64>, std::ops::Bound<i64>),
+    target: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<i64> + Clone + Send + Sync> RangedI64ValueParser<T> {
+    /// Select full range of `i64`
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::from(..)
+    }
+
+    /// Narrow the supported range
+    pub fn range<B: RangeBounds<i64>>(mut self, range: B) -> Self {
+        // Consideration: when the user does `value_parser!(u8).range()`
+        // - Avoid programming mistakes by accidentally expanding the range
+        // - Make it convenient to limit the range like with `..10`
+        let start = match range.start_bound() {
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(i),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(&i.saturating_add(1)),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.bounds.start_bound().cloned(),
+        };
+        let end = match range.end_bound() {
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(i),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(&i.saturating_sub(1)),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.bounds.end_bound().cloned(),
+        };
+        self.bounds = (start, end);
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn format_bounds(&self) -> String {
+        let mut result = match self.bounds.0 {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => i.to_string(),
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => i.saturating_add(1).to_string(),
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => i64::MIN.to_string(),
+        };
+        result.push_str("..");
+        match self.bounds.1 {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => {
+                result.push('=');
+                result.push_str(&i.to_string());
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => {
+                result.push_str(&i.to_string());
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => {
+                result.push_str(&i64::MAX.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<i64> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> TypedValueParser
+    for RangedI64ValueParser<T>
+where
+    <T as std::convert::TryFrom<i64>>::Error: Send + Sync + 'static + std::error::Error + ToString,
+{
+    type Value = T;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        raw_value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(raw_value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        let value = ok!(value.parse::<i64>().map_err(|err| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(
+                arg,
+                raw_value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                err.into(),
+            )
+            .with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+        if !self.bounds.contains(&value) {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            return Err(crate::Error::value_validation(
+                arg,
+                raw_value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                format!("{} is not in {}", value, self.format_bounds()).into(),
+            )
+            .with_cmd(cmd));
+        }
+
+        let value: Result<Self::Value, _> = value.try_into();
+        let value = ok!(value.map_err(|err| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(
+                arg,
+                raw_value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                err.into(),
+            )
+            .with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<i64> + Clone + Send + Sync, B: RangeBounds<i64>> From<B>
+    for RangedI64ValueParser<T>
+{
+    fn from(range: B) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bounds: (range.start_bound().cloned(), range.end_bound().cloned()),
+            target: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<i64> + Clone + Send + Sync> Default for RangedI64ValueParser<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse number that fall within a range of values
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("port")
+///             .long("port")
+///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(u64).range(3000..))
+///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Set)
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "--port", "3001"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: u64 = *m.get_one("port")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, 3001);
+/// ```
+///
+/// Semantics:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::RangedU64ValueParser::<u32>::new().range(0..200);
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("-200")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("300")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("-1")).is_err());
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("0")).unwrap(), 0);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("50")).unwrap(), 50);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct RangedU64ValueParser<T: std::convert::TryFrom<u64> = u64> {
+    bounds: (std::ops::Bound<u64>, std::ops::Bound<u64>),
+    target: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<u64>> RangedU64ValueParser<T> {
+    /// Select full range of `u64`
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::from(..)
+    }
+
+    /// Narrow the supported range
+    pub fn range<B: RangeBounds<u64>>(mut self, range: B) -> Self {
+        // Consideration: when the user does `value_parser!(u8).range()`
+        // - Avoid programming mistakes by accidentally expanding the range
+        // - Make it convenient to limit the range like with `..10`
+        let start = match range.start_bound() {
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(i),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(&i.saturating_add(1)),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.bounds.start_bound().cloned(),
+        };
+        let end = match range.end_bound() {
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(i),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            l @ std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => {
+                debug_assert!(
+                    self.bounds.contains(&i.saturating_sub(1)),
+                    "{} must be in {:?}",
+                    i,
+                    self.bounds
+                );
+                l.cloned()
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.bounds.end_bound().cloned(),
+        };
+        self.bounds = (start, end);
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn format_bounds(&self) -> String {
+        let mut result = match self.bounds.0 {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => i.to_string(),
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => i.saturating_add(1).to_string(),
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => u64::MIN.to_string(),
+        };
+        result.push_str("..");
+        match self.bounds.1 {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(i) => {
+                result.push('=');
+                result.push_str(&i.to_string());
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(i) => {
+                result.push_str(&i.to_string());
+            }
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => {
+                result.push_str(&u64::MAX.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<u64> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> TypedValueParser
+    for RangedU64ValueParser<T>
+where
+    <T as std::convert::TryFrom<u64>>::Error: Send + Sync + 'static + std::error::Error + ToString,
+{
+    type Value = T;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        raw_value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(raw_value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        let value = ok!(value.parse::<u64>().map_err(|err| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(
+                arg,
+                raw_value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                err.into(),
+            )
+            .with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+        if !self.bounds.contains(&value) {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            return Err(crate::Error::value_validation(
+                arg,
+                raw_value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                format!("{} is not in {}", value, self.format_bounds()).into(),
+            )
+            .with_cmd(cmd));
+        }
+
+        let value: Result<Self::Value, _> = value.try_into();
+        let value = ok!(value.map_err(|err| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(
+                arg,
+                raw_value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                err.into(),
+            )
+            .with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<u64>, B: RangeBounds<u64>> From<B> for RangedU64ValueParser<T> {
+    fn from(range: B) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bounds: (range.start_bound().cloned(), range.end_bound().cloned()),
+            target: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: std::convert::TryFrom<u64>> Default for RangedU64ValueParser<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation for [`ValueParser::bool`]
+///
+/// Useful for composing new [`TypedValueParser`]s
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct BoolValueParser {}
+
+impl BoolValueParser {
+    /// Implementation for [`ValueParser::bool`]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values() -> impl Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> {
+        ["true", "false"]
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .map(crate::builder::PossibleValue::new)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for BoolValueParser {
+    type Value = bool;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = if value == std::ffi::OsStr::new("true") {
+            true
+        } else if value == std::ffi::OsStr::new("false") {
+            false
+        } else {
+            // Intentionally showing hidden as we hide all of them
+            let possible_vals = Self::possible_values()
+                .map(|v| v.get_name().to_owned())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+            return Err(crate::Error::invalid_value(
+                cmd,
+                value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                &possible_vals,
+                arg.map(ToString::to_string)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned()),
+            ));
+        };
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        Some(Box::new(Self::possible_values()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BoolValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse false-like string values, everything else is `true`
+///
+/// See also:
+/// - [`ValueParser::bool`] for assuming non-false is true
+/// - [`BoolishValueParser`] for different human readable bool representations
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("append")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::FalseyValueParser::new())
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "true"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: bool = *m.get_one("append")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, true);
+/// ```
+///
+/// Semantics:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::FalseyValueParser::new();
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).unwrap(), true);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("100")).unwrap(), true);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("false")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("No")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("oFF")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("0")).unwrap(), false);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct FalseyValueParser {}
+
+impl FalseyValueParser {
+    /// Parse false-like string values, everything else is `true`
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values() -> impl Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> {
+        crate::util::TRUE_LITERALS
+            .iter()
+            .chain(crate::util::FALSE_LITERALS.iter())
+            .copied()
+            .map(|l| crate::builder::PossibleValue::new(l).hide(l != "true" && l != "false"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for FalseyValueParser {
+    type Value = bool;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        _arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        let value = if value.is_empty() {
+            false
+        } else {
+            crate::util::str_to_bool(value).unwrap_or(true)
+        };
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        Some(Box::new(Self::possible_values()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for FalseyValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse bool-like string values, everything else is `true`
+///
+/// See also:
+/// - [`ValueParser::bool`] for different human readable bool representations
+/// - [`FalseyValueParser`] for assuming non-false is true
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("append")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::BoolishValueParser::new())
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "true"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: bool = *m.get_one("append")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, true);
+/// ```
+///
+/// Semantics:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::BoolishValueParser::new();
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).is_err());
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("100")).is_err());
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("true")).unwrap(), true);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("Yes")).unwrap(), true);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("oN")).unwrap(), true);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("1")).unwrap(), true);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("false")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("No")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("oFF")).unwrap(), false);
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("0")).unwrap(), false);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct BoolishValueParser {}
+
+impl BoolishValueParser {
+    /// Parse bool-like string values, everything else is `true`
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values() -> impl Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> {
+        crate::util::TRUE_LITERALS
+            .iter()
+            .chain(crate::util::FALSE_LITERALS.iter())
+            .copied()
+            .map(|l| crate::builder::PossibleValue::new(l).hide(l != "true" && l != "false"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for BoolishValueParser {
+    type Value = bool;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        let value = ok!(crate::util::str_to_bool(value).ok_or_else(|| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(arg, value.to_owned(), "value was not a boolean".into())
+                .with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        Some(Box::new(Self::possible_values()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BoolishValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse non-empty string values
+///
+/// See also:
+/// - [`ValueParser::string`]
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("append")
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser::new())
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "true"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: &String = m.get_one("append")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, "true");
+/// ```
+///
+/// Semantics:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
+/// # use clap::builder::TypedValueParser;
+/// # let cmd = clap::Command::new("test");
+/// # let arg = None;
+/// let value_parser = clap::builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser::new();
+/// assert_eq!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("random")).unwrap(), "random");
+/// assert!(value_parser.parse_ref(&cmd, arg, OsStr::new("")).is_err());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct NonEmptyStringValueParser {}
+
+impl NonEmptyStringValueParser {
+    /// Parse non-empty string values
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for NonEmptyStringValueParser {
+    type Value = String;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        if value.is_empty() {
+            return Err(crate::Error::empty_value(
+                cmd,
+                &[],
+                arg.map(ToString::to_string)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned()),
+            ));
+        }
+        let value = ok!(value.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            crate::Error::invalid_utf8(
+                cmd,
+                crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+            )
+        }));
+        Ok(value.to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for NonEmptyStringValueParser {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Adapt a `TypedValueParser` from one value to another
+///
+/// See [`TypedValueParser::map`]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct MapValueParser<P, F> {
+    parser: P,
+    func: F,
+}
+
+impl<P, F, T> MapValueParser<P, F>
+where
+    P: TypedValueParser,
+    P::Value: Send + Sync + Clone,
+    F: Fn(P::Value) -> T + Clone,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+{
+    fn new(parser: P, func: F) -> Self {
+        Self { parser, func }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P, F, T> TypedValueParser for MapValueParser<P, F>
+where
+    P: TypedValueParser,
+    P::Value: Send + Sync + Clone,
+    F: Fn(P::Value) -> T + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+{
+    type Value = T;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(self.parser.parse_ref(cmd, arg, value));
+        let value = (self.func)(value);
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: std::ffi::OsString,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let value = ok!(self.parser.parse(cmd, arg, value));
+        let value = (self.func)(value);
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        self.parser.possible_values()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Adapt a `TypedValueParser` from one value to another
+///
+/// See [`TypedValueParser::try_map`]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TryMapValueParser<P, F> {
+    parser: P,
+    func: F,
+}
+
+impl<P, F, T, E> TryMapValueParser<P, F>
+where
+    P: TypedValueParser,
+    P::Value: Send + Sync + Clone,
+    F: Fn(P::Value) -> Result<T, E> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+    E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+{
+    fn new(parser: P, func: F) -> Self {
+        Self { parser, func }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P, F, T, E> TypedValueParser for TryMapValueParser<P, F>
+where
+    P: TypedValueParser,
+    P::Value: Send + Sync + Clone,
+    F: Fn(P::Value) -> Result<T, E> + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+    E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+{
+    type Value = T;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        let mid_value = ok!(self.parser.parse_ref(cmd, arg, value));
+        let value = ok!((self.func)(mid_value).map_err(|e| {
+            let arg = arg
+                .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "...".to_owned());
+            crate::Error::value_validation(arg, value.to_string_lossy().into_owned(), e.into())
+                .with_cmd(cmd)
+        }));
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+
+    fn possible_values(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = crate::builder::PossibleValue> + '_>> {
+        self.parser.possible_values()
+    }
+}
+
+/// When encountered, report [ErrorKind::UnknownArgument][crate::error::ErrorKind::UnknownArgument]
+///
+/// Useful to help users migrate, either from old versions or similar tools.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use clap::Command;
+/// # use clap::Arg;
+/// let cmd = Command::new("mycmd")
+///     .args([
+///         Arg::new("current-dir")
+///             .short('C'),
+///         Arg::new("current-dir-unknown")
+///             .long("cwd")
+///             .aliases(["current-dir", "directory", "working-directory", "root"])
+///             .value_parser(clap::builder::UnknownArgumentValueParser::suggest_arg("-C"))
+///             .hide(true),
+///     ]);
+///
+/// // Use a supported version of the argument
+/// let matches = cmd.clone().try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "-C", ".."]).unwrap();
+/// assert!(matches.contains_id("current-dir"));
+/// assert_eq!(
+///     matches.get_many::<String>("current-dir").unwrap_or_default().map(|v| v.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+///     vec![".."]
+/// );
+///
+/// // Use one of the invalid versions
+/// let err = cmd.try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "--cwd", ".."]).unwrap_err();
+/// assert_eq!(err.kind(), clap::error::ErrorKind::UnknownArgument);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct UnknownArgumentValueParser {
+    arg: Option<Str>,
+    suggestions: Vec<StyledStr>,
+}
+
+impl UnknownArgumentValueParser {
+    /// Suggest an alternative argument
+    pub fn suggest_arg(arg: impl Into<Str>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            arg: Some(arg.into()),
+            suggestions: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Provide a general suggestion
+    pub fn suggest(text: impl Into<StyledStr>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            arg: Default::default(),
+            suggestions: vec![text.into()],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Extend the suggestions
+    pub fn and_suggest(mut self, text: impl Into<StyledStr>) -> Self {
+        self.suggestions.push(text.into());
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedValueParser for UnknownArgumentValueParser {
+    type Value = String;
+
+    fn parse_ref(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        TypedValueParser::parse_ref_(self, cmd, arg, value, ValueSource::CommandLine)
+    }
+
+    fn parse_ref_(
+        &self,
+        cmd: &crate::Command,
+        arg: Option<&crate::Arg>,
+        _value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+        source: ValueSource,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Value, crate::Error> {
+        match source {
+            ValueSource::DefaultValue => {
+                TypedValueParser::parse_ref_(&StringValueParser::new(), cmd, arg, _value, source)
+            }
+            ValueSource::EnvVariable | ValueSource::CommandLine => {
+                let arg = match arg {
+                    Some(arg) => arg.to_string(),
+                    None => "..".to_owned(),
+                };
+                let err = crate::Error::unknown_argument(
+                    cmd,
+                    arg,
+                    self.arg.as_ref().map(|s| (s.as_str().to_owned(), None)),
+                    false,
+                    crate::output::Usage::new(cmd).create_usage_with_title(&[]),
+                );
+                #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+                let err = {
+                    debug_assert_eq!(
+                        err.get(crate::error::ContextKind::Suggested),
+                        None,
+                        "Assuming `Error::unknown_argument` doesn't apply any `Suggested` so we can without caution"
+                    );
+                    err.insert_context_unchecked(
+                        crate::error::ContextKind::Suggested,
+                        crate::error::ContextValue::StyledStrs(self.suggestions.clone()),
+                    )
+                };
+                Err(err)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Register a type with [value_parser!][crate::value_parser!]
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+/// pub struct Custom(u32);
+///
+/// impl clap::builder::ValueParserFactory for Custom {
+///     type Parser = CustomValueParser;
+///     fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+///         CustomValueParser
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+/// pub struct CustomValueParser;
+/// impl clap::builder::TypedValueParser for CustomValueParser {
+///     type Value = Custom;
+///
+///     fn parse_ref(
+///         &self,
+///         cmd: &clap::Command,
+///         arg: Option<&clap::Arg>,
+///         value: &std::ffi::OsStr,
+///     ) -> Result<Self::Value, clap::Error> {
+///         let inner = clap::value_parser!(u32);
+///         let val = inner.parse_ref(cmd, arg, value)?;
+///         Ok(Custom(val))
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// let parser: CustomValueParser = clap::value_parser!(Custom);
+/// ```
+pub trait ValueParserFactory {
+    /// Generated parser, usually [`ValueParser`].
+    ///
+    /// It should at least be a type that supports `Into<ValueParser>`.  A non-`ValueParser` type
+    /// allows the caller to do further initialization on the parser.
+    type Parser;
+
+    /// Create the specified [`Self::Parser`]
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser;
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for String {
+    type Parser = ValueParser;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        ValueParser::string() // Default `clap_derive` to optimized implementation
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for Box<str> {
+    type Parser = MapValueParser<StringValueParser, fn(String) -> Box<str>>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        StringValueParser::new().map(String::into_boxed_str)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for std::ffi::OsString {
+    type Parser = ValueParser;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        ValueParser::os_string() // Default `clap_derive` to optimized implementation
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for Box<std::ffi::OsStr> {
+    type Parser =
+        MapValueParser<OsStringValueParser, fn(std::ffi::OsString) -> Box<std::ffi::OsStr>>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        OsStringValueParser::new().map(std::ffi::OsString::into_boxed_os_str)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for std::path::PathBuf {
+    type Parser = ValueParser;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        ValueParser::path_buf() // Default `clap_derive` to optimized implementation
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for Box<std::path::Path> {
+    type Parser =
+        MapValueParser<PathBufValueParser, fn(std::path::PathBuf) -> Box<std::path::Path>>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        PathBufValueParser::new().map(std::path::PathBuf::into_boxed_path)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for bool {
+    type Parser = ValueParser;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        ValueParser::bool() // Default `clap_derive` to optimized implementation
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for u8 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<u8>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        let start: i64 = u8::MIN.into();
+        let end: i64 = u8::MAX.into();
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new().range(start..=end)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for i8 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<i8>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        let start: i64 = i8::MIN.into();
+        let end: i64 = i8::MAX.into();
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new().range(start..=end)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for u16 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<u16>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        let start: i64 = u16::MIN.into();
+        let end: i64 = u16::MAX.into();
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new().range(start..=end)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for i16 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<i16>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        let start: i64 = i16::MIN.into();
+        let end: i64 = i16::MAX.into();
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new().range(start..=end)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for u32 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<u32>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        let start: i64 = u32::MIN.into();
+        let end: i64 = u32::MAX.into();
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new().range(start..=end)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for i32 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<i32>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        let start: i64 = i32::MIN.into();
+        let end: i64 = i32::MAX.into();
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new().range(start..=end)
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for u64 {
+    type Parser = RangedU64ValueParser<u64>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        RangedU64ValueParser::new()
+    }
+}
+impl ValueParserFactory for i64 {
+    type Parser = RangedI64ValueParser<i64>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        RangedI64ValueParser::new()
+    }
+}
+impl<T> ValueParserFactory for std::num::Wrapping<T>
+where
+    T: ValueParserFactory,
+    <T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser: TypedValueParser<Value = T>,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+{
+    type Parser = MapValueParser<<T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser, fn(T) -> std::num::Wrapping<T>>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        T::value_parser().map(std::num::Wrapping)
+    }
+}
+impl<T> ValueParserFactory for Box<T>
+where
+    T: ValueParserFactory,
+    <T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser: TypedValueParser<Value = T>,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+{
+    type Parser = MapValueParser<<T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser, fn(T) -> Box<T>>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        T::value_parser().map(Box::new)
+    }
+}
+impl<T> ValueParserFactory for std::sync::Arc<T>
+where
+    T: ValueParserFactory,
+    <T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser: TypedValueParser<Value = T>,
+    T: Send + Sync + Clone,
+{
+    type Parser = MapValueParser<<T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser, fn(T) -> std::sync::Arc<T>>;
+    fn value_parser() -> Self::Parser {
+        T::value_parser().map(std::sync::Arc::new)
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct _AutoValueParser<T>(std::marker::PhantomData<T>);
+
+impl<T> _AutoValueParser<T> {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[allow(clippy::new_without_default)]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(Default::default())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Unstable [`ValueParser`]
+///
+/// Implementation may change to more specific instance in the future
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct _AnonymousValueParser(ValueParser);
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod via_prelude {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFactory: private::_ValueParserViaFactorySealed {
+        type Parser;
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> Self::Parser;
+    }
+    impl<P: ValueParserFactory> _ValueParserViaFactory for &&&&&&_AutoValueParser<P> {
+        type Parser = P::Parser;
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> Self::Parser {
+            P::value_parser()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaValueEnum: private::_ValueParserViaValueEnumSealed {
+        type Output;
+
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> Self::Output;
+    }
+    impl<E: crate::ValueEnum + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static> _ValueParserViaValueEnum
+        for &&&&&_AutoValueParser<E>
+    {
+        type Output = EnumValueParser<E>;
+
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> Self::Output {
+            EnumValueParser::<E>::new()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromOsString: private::_ValueParserViaFromOsStringSealed {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser;
+    }
+    impl<FromOsString> _ValueParserViaFromOsString for &&&&_AutoValueParser<FromOsString>
+    where
+        FromOsString: From<std::ffi::OsString> + std::any::Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser {
+            _AnonymousValueParser(
+                OsStringValueParser::new()
+                    .map(|s| FromOsString::from(s))
+                    .into(),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromOsStr: private::_ValueParserViaFromOsStrSealed {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser;
+    }
+    impl<FromOsStr> _ValueParserViaFromOsStr for &&&_AutoValueParser<FromOsStr>
+    where
+        FromOsStr:
+            for<'s> From<&'s std::ffi::OsStr> + std::any::Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser {
+            _AnonymousValueParser(
+                OsStringValueParser::new()
+                    .map(|s| FromOsStr::from(&s))
+                    .into(),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromString: private::_ValueParserViaFromStringSealed {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser;
+    }
+    impl<FromString> _ValueParserViaFromString for &&_AutoValueParser<FromString>
+    where
+        FromString: From<String> + std::any::Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser {
+            _AnonymousValueParser(StringValueParser::new().map(|s| FromString::from(s)).into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromStr: private::_ValueParserViaFromStrSealed {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser;
+    }
+    impl<FromStr> _ValueParserViaFromStr for &_AutoValueParser<FromStr>
+    where
+        FromStr: for<'s> From<&'s str> + std::any::Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser {
+            _AnonymousValueParser(StringValueParser::new().map(|s| FromStr::from(&s)).into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaParse: private::_ValueParserViaParseSealed {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser;
+    }
+    impl<Parse> _ValueParserViaParse for _AutoValueParser<Parse>
+    where
+        Parse: std::str::FromStr + std::any::Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        <Parse as std::str::FromStr>::Err: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    {
+        fn value_parser(&self) -> _AnonymousValueParser {
+            let func: fn(&str) -> Result<Parse, <Parse as std::str::FromStr>::Err> =
+                Parse::from_str;
+            _AnonymousValueParser(ValueParser::new(func))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Select a [`ValueParser`] implementation from the intended type
+///
+/// Supported types
+/// - [`ValueParserFactory` types][ValueParserFactory], including
+///   - [Native types][ValueParser]: `bool`, `String`, `OsString`, `PathBuf`
+///   - [Ranged numeric types][RangedI64ValueParser]: `u8`, `i8`, `u16`, `i16`, `u32`, `i32`, `u64`, `i64`
+/// - [`ValueEnum` types][crate::ValueEnum]
+/// - [`From<OsString>` types][std::convert::From] and [`From<&OsStr>` types][std::convert::From]
+/// - [`From<String>` types][std::convert::From] and [`From<&str>` types][std::convert::From]
+/// - [`FromStr` types][std::str::FromStr], including usize, isize
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Usage:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use std::path::PathBuf;
+/// # use std::path::Path;
+/// let mut cmd = clap::Command::new("raw")
+///     .arg(
+///         clap::Arg::new("output")
+///             .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(PathBuf))
+///             .required(true)
+///     );
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from_mut(["cmd", "file.txt"]).unwrap();
+/// let port: &PathBuf = m.get_one("output")
+///     .expect("required");
+/// assert_eq!(port, Path::new("file.txt"));
+/// ```
+///
+/// Example mappings:
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap_builder as clap;
+/// # use clap::ColorChoice;
+/// // Built-in types
+/// let parser = clap::value_parser!(String);
+/// assert_eq!(format!("{parser:?}"), "ValueParser::string");
+/// let parser = clap::value_parser!(std::ffi::OsString);
+/// assert_eq!(format!("{parser:?}"), "ValueParser::os_string");
+/// let parser = clap::value_parser!(std::path::PathBuf);
+/// assert_eq!(format!("{parser:?}"), "ValueParser::path_buf");
+/// clap::value_parser!(u16).range(3000..);
+/// clap::value_parser!(u64).range(3000..);
+///
+/// // FromStr types
+/// let parser = clap::value_parser!(usize);
+/// assert_eq!(format!("{parser:?}"), "_AnonymousValueParser(ValueParser::other(usize))");
+///
+/// // ValueEnum types
+/// clap::value_parser!(ColorChoice);
+/// ```
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! value_parser {
+    ($name:ty) => {{
+        use $crate::builder::via_prelude::*;
+        let auto = $crate::builder::_AutoValueParser::<$name>::new();
+        (&&&&&&auto).value_parser()
+    }};
+}
+
+mod private {
+    use super::*;
+
+    // Prefer these so `clap_derive` defaults to optimized implementations
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaSelfSealed {}
+    impl<P: Into<ValueParser>> _ValueParserViaSelfSealed for &&&&&&&_AutoValueParser<P> {}
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFactorySealed {}
+    impl<P: ValueParserFactory> _ValueParserViaFactorySealed for &&&&&&_AutoValueParser<P> {}
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaValueEnumSealed {}
+    impl<E: crate::ValueEnum> _ValueParserViaValueEnumSealed for &&&&&_AutoValueParser<E> {}
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromOsStringSealed {}
+    impl<FromOsString> _ValueParserViaFromOsStringSealed for &&&&_AutoValueParser<FromOsString> where
+        FromOsString: From<std::ffi::OsString> + std::any::Any + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+    }
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromOsStrSealed {}
+    impl<FromOsStr> _ValueParserViaFromOsStrSealed for &&&_AutoValueParser<FromOsStr> where
+        FromOsStr: for<'s> From<&'s std::ffi::OsStr> + std::any::Any + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+    }
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromStringSealed {}
+    impl<FromString> _ValueParserViaFromStringSealed for &&_AutoValueParser<FromString> where
+        FromString: From<String> + std::any::Any + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+    }
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaFromStrSealed {}
+    impl<FromStr> _ValueParserViaFromStrSealed for &_AutoValueParser<FromStr> where
+        FromStr: for<'s> From<&'s str> + std::any::Any + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+    }
+
+    pub trait _ValueParserViaParseSealed {}
+    impl<Parse> _ValueParserViaParseSealed for _AutoValueParser<Parse>
+    where
+        Parse: std::str::FromStr + std::any::Any + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        <Parse as std::str::FromStr>::Err: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ensure_typed_applies_to_parse() {
+        fn parse(_: &str) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
+            Ok(10)
+        }
+        let cmd = crate::Command::new("cmd");
+        let arg = None;
+        assert_eq!(
+            TypedValueParser::parse_ref(&parse, &cmd, arg, std::ffi::OsStr::new("foo")).unwrap(),
+            10
+        );
+    }
+}