Initial vendor packages

Signed-off-by: Valentin Popov <valentin@popov.link>

4 files changed, 1948 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/context.rs b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/context.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..045923c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/context.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/// Semantics for a piece of error information
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub enum ContextKind {
+    /// The cause of the error
+    InvalidSubcommand,
+    /// The cause of the error
+    InvalidArg,
+    /// Existing arguments
+    PriorArg,
+    /// Accepted subcommands
+    ValidSubcommand,
+    /// Accepted values
+    ValidValue,
+    /// Rejected values
+    InvalidValue,
+    /// Number of values present
+    ActualNumValues,
+    /// Number of allowed values
+    ExpectedNumValues,
+    /// Minimum number of allowed values
+    MinValues,
+    /// Potential fix for the user
+    SuggestedCommand,
+    /// Potential fix for the user
+    SuggestedSubcommand,
+    /// Potential fix for the user
+    SuggestedArg,
+    /// Potential fix for the user
+    SuggestedValue,
+    /// Trailing argument
+    TrailingArg,
+    /// Potential fix for the user
+    Suggested,
+    /// A usage string
+    Usage,
+    /// An opaque message to the user
+    Custom,
+}
+
+impl ContextKind {
+    /// End-user description of the error case, where relevant
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Self::InvalidSubcommand => Some("Invalid Subcommand"),
+            Self::InvalidArg => Some("Invalid Argument"),
+            Self::PriorArg => Some("Prior Argument"),
+            Self::ValidSubcommand => Some("Valid Subcommand"),
+            Self::ValidValue => Some("Valid Value"),
+            Self::InvalidValue => Some("Invalid Value"),
+            Self::ActualNumValues => Some("Actual Number of Values"),
+            Self::ExpectedNumValues => Some("Expected Number of Values"),
+            Self::MinValues => Some("Minimum Number of Values"),
+            Self::SuggestedCommand => Some("Suggested Command"),
+            Self::SuggestedSubcommand => Some("Suggested Subcommand"),
+            Self::SuggestedArg => Some("Suggested Argument"),
+            Self::SuggestedValue => Some("Suggested Value"),
+            Self::TrailingArg => Some("Trailing Argument"),
+            Self::Suggested => Some("Suggested"),
+            Self::Usage => None,
+            Self::Custom => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ContextKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.as_str().unwrap_or_default().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A piece of error information
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub enum ContextValue {
+    /// [`ContextKind`] is self-sufficient, no additional information needed
+    None,
+    /// A single value
+    Bool(bool),
+    /// A single value
+    String(String),
+    /// Many values
+    Strings(Vec<String>),
+    /// A single value
+    StyledStr(crate::builder::StyledStr),
+    /// many value
+    StyledStrs(Vec<crate::builder::StyledStr>),
+    /// A single value
+    Number(isize),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ContextValue {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::None => "".fmt(f),
+            Self::Bool(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            Self::String(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            Self::Strings(v) => v.join(", ").fmt(f),
+            Self::StyledStr(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            Self::StyledStrs(v) => {
+                for (i, v) in v.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i != 0 {
+                        ", ".fmt(f)?;
+                    }
+                    v.fmt(f)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Self::Number(v) => v.fmt(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/format.rs b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/format.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49e617d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/format.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#![allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
+#![allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(dead_code))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(unused_imports))]
+
+use crate::builder::Command;
+use crate::builder::StyledStr;
+use crate::builder::Styles;
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+use crate::error::ContextKind;
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+use crate::error::ContextValue;
+use crate::error::ErrorKind;
+use crate::output::TAB;
+
+/// Defines how to format an error for displaying to the user
+pub trait ErrorFormatter: Sized {
+    /// Stylize the error for the terminal
+    fn format_error(error: &crate::error::Error<Self>) -> StyledStr;
+}
+
+/// Report [`ErrorKind`]
+///
+/// No context is included.
+///
+/// **NOTE:** Consider removing the `error-context` default feature if using this to remove all
+/// overhead for [`RichFormatter`].
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct KindFormatter;
+
+impl ErrorFormatter for KindFormatter {
+    fn format_error(error: &crate::error::Error<Self>) -> StyledStr {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let styles = &error.inner.styles;
+
+        let mut styled = StyledStr::new();
+        start_error(&mut styled, styles);
+        if let Some(msg) = error.kind().as_str() {
+            styled.push_str(msg);
+        } else if let Some(source) = error.inner.source.as_ref() {
+            let _ = write!(styled, "{source}");
+        } else {
+            styled.push_str("unknown cause");
+        }
+        styled.push_str("\n");
+        styled
+    }
+}
+
+/// Richly formatted error context
+///
+/// This follows the [rustc diagnostic style guide](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/diagnostics.html#suggestion-style-guide).
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub struct RichFormatter;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+impl ErrorFormatter for RichFormatter {
+    fn format_error(error: &crate::error::Error<Self>) -> StyledStr {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let styles = &error.inner.styles;
+        let valid = &styles.get_valid();
+
+        let mut styled = StyledStr::new();
+        start_error(&mut styled, styles);
+
+        if !write_dynamic_context(error, &mut styled, styles) {
+            if let Some(msg) = error.kind().as_str() {
+                styled.push_str(msg);
+            } else if let Some(source) = error.inner.source.as_ref() {
+                let _ = write!(styled, "{source}");
+            } else {
+                styled.push_str("unknown cause");
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut suggested = false;
+        if let Some(valid) = error.get(ContextKind::SuggestedSubcommand) {
+            styled.push_str("\n");
+            if !suggested {
+                styled.push_str("\n");
+                suggested = true;
+            }
+            did_you_mean(&mut styled, styles, "subcommand", valid);
+        }
+        if let Some(valid) = error.get(ContextKind::SuggestedArg) {
+            styled.push_str("\n");
+            if !suggested {
+                styled.push_str("\n");
+                suggested = true;
+            }
+            did_you_mean(&mut styled, styles, "argument", valid);
+        }
+        if let Some(valid) = error.get(ContextKind::SuggestedValue) {
+            styled.push_str("\n");
+            if !suggested {
+                styled.push_str("\n");
+                suggested = true;
+            }
+            did_you_mean(&mut styled, styles, "value", valid);
+        }
+        let suggestions = error.get(ContextKind::Suggested);
+        if let Some(ContextValue::StyledStrs(suggestions)) = suggestions {
+            if !suggested {
+                styled.push_str("\n");
+            }
+            for suggestion in suggestions {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "\n{TAB}{}tip:{} ",
+                    valid.render(),
+                    valid.render_reset()
+                );
+                styled.push_styled(suggestion);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let usage = error.get(ContextKind::Usage);
+        if let Some(ContextValue::StyledStr(usage)) = usage {
+            put_usage(&mut styled, usage);
+        }
+
+        try_help(&mut styled, styles, error.inner.help_flag);
+
+        styled
+    }
+}
+
+fn start_error(styled: &mut StyledStr, styles: &Styles) {
+    use std::fmt::Write as _;
+    let error = &styles.get_error();
+    let _ = write!(styled, "{}error:{} ", error.render(), error.render_reset());
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+fn write_dynamic_context(
+    error: &crate::error::Error,
+    styled: &mut StyledStr,
+    styles: &Styles,
+) -> bool {
+    use std::fmt::Write as _;
+    let valid = styles.get_valid();
+    let invalid = styles.get_invalid();
+    let literal = styles.get_literal();
+
+    match error.kind() {
+        ErrorKind::ArgumentConflict => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            let prior_arg = error.get(ContextKind::PriorArg);
+            if let (Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)), Some(prior_arg)) =
+                (invalid_arg, prior_arg)
+            {
+                if ContextValue::String(invalid_arg.clone()) == *prior_arg {
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        styled,
+                        "the argument '{}{invalid_arg}{}' cannot be used multiple times",
+                        invalid.render(),
+                        invalid.render_reset()
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        styled,
+                        "the argument '{}{invalid_arg}{}' cannot be used with",
+                        invalid.render(),
+                        invalid.render_reset()
+                    );
+
+                    match prior_arg {
+                        ContextValue::Strings(values) => {
+                            styled.push_str(":");
+                            for v in values {
+                                let _ = write!(
+                                    styled,
+                                    "\n{TAB}{}{v}{}",
+                                    invalid.render(),
+                                    invalid.render_reset()
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ContextValue::String(value) => {
+                            let _ = write!(
+                                styled,
+                                " '{}{value}{}'",
+                                invalid.render(),
+                                invalid.render_reset()
+                            );
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            styled.push_str(" one or more of the other specified arguments");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::NoEquals => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            if let Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)) = invalid_arg {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "equal sign is needed when assigning values to '{}{invalid_arg}{}'",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset()
+                );
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::InvalidValue => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            let invalid_value = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidValue);
+            if let (
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)),
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_value)),
+            ) = (invalid_arg, invalid_value)
+            {
+                if invalid_value.is_empty() {
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        styled,
+                        "a value is required for '{}{invalid_arg}{}' but none was supplied",
+                        invalid.render(),
+                        invalid.render_reset()
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        styled,
+                        "invalid value '{}{invalid_value}{}' for '{}{invalid_arg}{}'",
+                        invalid.render(),
+                        invalid.render_reset(),
+                        literal.render(),
+                        literal.render_reset()
+                    );
+                }
+
+                let values = error.get(ContextKind::ValidValue);
+                write_values_list("possible values", styled, valid, values);
+
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::InvalidSubcommand => {
+            let invalid_sub = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidSubcommand);
+            if let Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_sub)) = invalid_sub {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "unrecognized subcommand '{}{invalid_sub}{}'",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset()
+                );
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            if let Some(ContextValue::Strings(invalid_arg)) = invalid_arg {
+                styled.push_str("the following required arguments were not provided:");
+                for v in invalid_arg {
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        styled,
+                        "\n{TAB}{}{v}{}",
+                        valid.render(),
+                        valid.render_reset()
+                    );
+                }
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::MissingSubcommand => {
+            let invalid_sub = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidSubcommand);
+            if let Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_sub)) = invalid_sub {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "'{}{invalid_sub}{}' requires a subcommand but one was not provided",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset()
+                );
+                let values = error.get(ContextKind::ValidSubcommand);
+                write_values_list("subcommands", styled, valid, values);
+
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::InvalidUtf8 => false,
+        ErrorKind::TooManyValues => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            let invalid_value = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidValue);
+            if let (
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)),
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_value)),
+            ) = (invalid_arg, invalid_value)
+            {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "unexpected value '{}{invalid_value}{}' for '{}{invalid_arg}{}' found; no more were expected",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                    literal.render(),
+                    literal.render_reset(),
+                );
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::TooFewValues => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            let actual_num_values = error.get(ContextKind::ActualNumValues);
+            let min_values = error.get(ContextKind::MinValues);
+            if let (
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)),
+                Some(ContextValue::Number(actual_num_values)),
+                Some(ContextValue::Number(min_values)),
+            ) = (invalid_arg, actual_num_values, min_values)
+            {
+                let were_provided = singular_or_plural(*actual_num_values as usize);
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "{}{min_values}{} more values required by '{}{invalid_arg}{}'; only {}{actual_num_values}{}{were_provided}",
+                    valid.render(),
+                    valid.render_reset(),
+                    literal.render(),
+                    literal.render_reset(),
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                );
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::ValueValidation => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            let invalid_value = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidValue);
+            if let (
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)),
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_value)),
+            ) = (invalid_arg, invalid_value)
+            {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "invalid value '{}{invalid_value}{}' for '{}{invalid_arg}{}'",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                    literal.render(),
+                    literal.render_reset(),
+                );
+                if let Some(source) = error.inner.source.as_deref() {
+                    let _ = write!(styled, ": {source}");
+                }
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::WrongNumberOfValues => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            let actual_num_values = error.get(ContextKind::ActualNumValues);
+            let num_values = error.get(ContextKind::ExpectedNumValues);
+            if let (
+                Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)),
+                Some(ContextValue::Number(actual_num_values)),
+                Some(ContextValue::Number(num_values)),
+            ) = (invalid_arg, actual_num_values, num_values)
+            {
+                let were_provided = singular_or_plural(*actual_num_values as usize);
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "{}{num_values}{} values required for '{}{invalid_arg}{}' but {}{actual_num_values}{}{were_provided}",
+                    valid.render(),
+                    valid.render_reset(),
+                    literal.render(),
+                    literal.render_reset(),
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                );
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::UnknownArgument => {
+            let invalid_arg = error.get(ContextKind::InvalidArg);
+            if let Some(ContextValue::String(invalid_arg)) = invalid_arg {
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled,
+                    "unexpected argument '{}{invalid_arg}{}' found",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                );
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorKind::DisplayHelp
+        | ErrorKind::DisplayHelpOnMissingArgumentOrSubcommand
+        | ErrorKind::DisplayVersion
+        | ErrorKind::Io
+        | ErrorKind::Format => false,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+fn write_values_list(
+    list_name: &'static str,
+    styled: &mut StyledStr,
+    valid: &anstyle::Style,
+    possible_values: Option<&ContextValue>,
+) {
+    use std::fmt::Write as _;
+    if let Some(ContextValue::Strings(possible_values)) = possible_values {
+        if !possible_values.is_empty() {
+            let _ = write!(styled, "\n{TAB}[{list_name}: ");
+
+            let style = valid.render();
+            let reset = valid.render_reset();
+            for (idx, val) in possible_values.iter().enumerate() {
+                if idx > 0 {
+                    styled.push_str(", ");
+                }
+                let _ = write!(styled, "{style}{}{reset}", Escape(val));
+            }
+
+            styled.push_str("]");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn format_error_message(
+    message: &str,
+    styles: &Styles,
+    cmd: Option<&Command>,
+    usage: Option<&StyledStr>,
+) -> StyledStr {
+    let mut styled = StyledStr::new();
+    start_error(&mut styled, styles);
+    styled.push_str(message);
+    if let Some(usage) = usage {
+        put_usage(&mut styled, usage);
+    }
+    if let Some(cmd) = cmd {
+        try_help(&mut styled, styles, get_help_flag(cmd));
+    }
+    styled
+}
+
+/// Returns the singular or plural form on the verb to be based on the argument's value.
+fn singular_or_plural(n: usize) -> &'static str {
+    if n > 1 {
+        " were provided"
+    } else {
+        " was provided"
+    }
+}
+
+fn put_usage(styled: &mut StyledStr, usage: &StyledStr) {
+    styled.push_str("\n\n");
+    styled.push_styled(usage);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn get_help_flag(cmd: &Command) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    if !cmd.is_disable_help_flag_set() {
+        Some("--help")
+    } else if cmd.has_subcommands() && !cmd.is_disable_help_subcommand_set() {
+        Some("help")
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+fn try_help(styled: &mut StyledStr, styles: &Styles, help: Option<&str>) {
+    if let Some(help) = help {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let literal = &styles.get_literal();
+        let _ = write!(
+            styled,
+            "\n\nFor more information, try '{}{help}{}'.\n",
+            literal.render(),
+            literal.render_reset()
+        );
+    } else {
+        styled.push_str("\n");
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+fn did_you_mean(styled: &mut StyledStr, styles: &Styles, context: &str, valid: &ContextValue) {
+    use std::fmt::Write as _;
+
+    let _ = write!(
+        styled,
+        "{TAB}{}tip:{}",
+        styles.get_valid().render(),
+        styles.get_valid().render_reset()
+    );
+    if let ContextValue::String(valid) = valid {
+        let _ = write!(
+            styled,
+            " a similar {context} exists: '{}{valid}{}'",
+            styles.get_valid().render(),
+            styles.get_valid().render_reset()
+        );
+    } else if let ContextValue::Strings(valid) = valid {
+        if valid.len() == 1 {
+            let _ = write!(styled, " a similar {context} exists: ",);
+        } else {
+            let _ = write!(styled, " some similar {context}s exist: ",);
+        }
+        for (i, valid) in valid.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i != 0 {
+                styled.push_str(", ");
+            }
+            let _ = write!(
+                styled,
+                "'{}{valid}{}'",
+                styles.get_valid().render(),
+                styles.get_valid().render_reset()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct Escape<'s>(&'s str);
+
+impl<'s> std::fmt::Display for Escape<'s> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if self.0.contains(char::is_whitespace) {
+            std::fmt::Debug::fmt(self.0, f)
+        } else {
+            self.0.fmt(f)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/kind.rs b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/kind.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9d576c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/kind.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/// Command line argument parser kind of error
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub enum ErrorKind {
+    /// Occurs when an [`Arg`][crate::Arg] has a set of possible values,
+    /// and the user provides a value which isn't in that set.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("speed")
+    ///         .value_parser(["fast", "slow"]))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "other"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::InvalidValue);
+    /// ```
+    InvalidValue,
+
+    /// Occurs when a user provides a flag, option, argument or subcommand which isn't defined.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(arg!(--flag "some flag"))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--other"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::UnknownArgument);
+    /// ```
+    UnknownArgument,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user provides an unrecognized [`Subcommand`] which meets the threshold for
+    /// being similar enough to an existing subcommand.
+    /// If it doesn't meet the threshold, or the 'suggestions' feature is disabled,
+    /// the more general [`UnknownArgument`] error is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[cfg(feature = "suggestions")] {
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, };
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .subcommand(Command::new("config")
+    ///         .about("Used for configuration")
+    ///         .arg(Arg::new("config_file")
+    ///             .help("The configuration file to use")))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "confi"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::InvalidSubcommand);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`Subcommand`]: crate::Subcommand
+    /// [`UnknownArgument`]: ErrorKind::UnknownArgument
+    InvalidSubcommand,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user doesn't use equals for an option that requires equal
+    /// sign to provide values.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, ArgAction};
+    /// let res = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("color")
+    ///          .action(ArgAction::Set)
+    ///          .require_equals(true)
+    ///          .long("color"))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--color", "red"]);
+    /// assert!(res.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::NoEquals);
+    /// ```
+    NoEquals,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user provides a value for an argument with a custom validation and the
+    /// value fails that validation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, value_parser};
+    /// fn is_numeric(val: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    ///     match val.parse::<i64>() {
+    ///         Ok(..) => Ok(()),
+    ///         Err(..) => Err(String::from("value wasn't a number!")),
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("num")
+    ///          .value_parser(value_parser!(u8)))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "NotANumber"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::ValueValidation);
+    /// ```
+    ValueValidation,
+
+    /// Occurs when a user provides more values for an argument than were defined by setting
+    /// [`Arg::num_args`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("arg")
+    ///         .num_args(1..=2))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "too", "many", "values"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::TooManyValues);
+    /// ```
+    /// [`Arg::num_args`]: crate::Arg::num_args()
+    TooManyValues,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user provides fewer values for an argument than were defined by setting
+    /// [`Arg::num_args`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("some_opt")
+    ///         .long("opt")
+    ///         .num_args(3..))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--opt", "too", "few"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::TooFewValues);
+    /// ```
+    /// [`Arg::num_args`]: crate::Arg::num_args()
+    TooFewValues,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user provides a different number of values for an argument than what's
+    /// been defined by setting [`Arg::num_args`] or than was implicitly set by
+    /// [`Arg::value_names`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, ArgAction};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("some_opt")
+    ///         .long("opt")
+    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set)
+    ///         .num_args(2))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--opt", "wrong"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::WrongNumberOfValues);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`Arg::num_args`]: crate::Arg::num_args()
+    /// [`Arg::value_names`]: crate::Arg::value_names()
+    WrongNumberOfValues,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user provides two values which conflict with each other and can't be used
+    /// together.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, ArgAction};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("debug")
+    ///         .long("debug")
+    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+    ///         .conflicts_with("color"))
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("color")
+    ///         .long("color")
+    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--debug", "--color"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::ArgumentConflict);
+    /// ```
+    ArgumentConflict,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user does not provide one or more required arguments.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("debug")
+    ///         .required(true))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument);
+    /// ```
+    MissingRequiredArgument,
+
+    /// Occurs when a subcommand is required (as defined by [`Command::subcommand_required`]),
+    /// but the user does not provide one.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let err = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .subcommand_required(true)
+    ///     .subcommand(Command::new("test"))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec![
+    ///         "myprog",
+    ///     ]);
+    /// assert!(err.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(err.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::MissingSubcommand);
+    /// # ;
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`Command::subcommand_required`]: crate::Command::subcommand_required
+    MissingSubcommand,
+
+    /// Occurs when the user provides a value containing invalid UTF-8.
+    ///
+    /// To allow arbitrary data
+    /// - Set [`Arg::value_parser(value_parser!(OsString))`] for argument values
+    /// - Set [`Command::external_subcommand_value_parser`] for external-subcommand
+    ///   values
+    ///
+    /// # Platform Specific
+    ///
+    /// Non-Windows platforms only (such as Linux, Unix, OSX, etc.)
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[cfg(unix)] {
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, ArgAction};
+    /// # use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
+    /// # use std::ffi::OsString;
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("utf8")
+    ///         .short('u')
+    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec![OsString::from("myprog"),
+    ///                                 OsString::from("-u"),
+    ///                                 OsString::from_vec(vec![0xE9])]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::InvalidUtf8);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`Arg::allow_invalid_utf8`]: crate::Arg::allow_invalid_utf8
+    /// [`Command::external_subcommand_value_parser`]: crate::Command::external_subcommand_value_parser
+    InvalidUtf8,
+
+    /// Not a true "error" as it means `--help` or similar was used.
+    /// The help message will be sent to `stdout`.
+    ///
+    /// **Note**: If the help is displayed due to an error (such as missing subcommands) it will
+    /// be sent to `stderr` instead of `stdout`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[cfg(feature = "help")] {
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--help"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::DisplayHelp);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    DisplayHelp,
+
+    /// Occurs when either an argument or a [`Subcommand`] is required, as defined by
+    /// [`Command::arg_required_else_help`] , but the user did not provide
+    /// one.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind, };
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .arg_required_else_help(true)
+    ///     .subcommand(Command::new("config")
+    ///         .about("Used for configuration")
+    ///         .arg(Arg::new("config_file")
+    ///             .help("The configuration file to use")))
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::DisplayHelpOnMissingArgumentOrSubcommand);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [`Subcommand`]: crate::Subcommand
+    /// [`Command::arg_required_else_help`]: crate::Command::arg_required_else_help
+    DisplayHelpOnMissingArgumentOrSubcommand,
+
+    /// Not a true "error" as it means `--version` or similar was used.
+    /// The message will be sent to `stdout`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, error::ErrorKind};
+    /// let result = Command::new("prog")
+    ///     .version("3.0")
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(vec!["prog", "--version"]);
+    /// assert!(result.is_err());
+    /// assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), ErrorKind::DisplayVersion);
+    /// ```
+    DisplayVersion,
+
+    /// Represents an [I/O error].
+    /// Can occur when writing to `stderr` or `stdout` or reading a configuration file.
+    ///
+    /// [I/O error]: std::io::Error
+    Io,
+
+    /// Represents a [Format error] (which is a part of [`Display`]).
+    /// Typically caused by writing to `stderr` or `stdout`.
+    ///
+    /// [`Display`]: std::fmt::Display
+    /// [Format error]: std::fmt::Error
+    Format,
+}
+
+impl ErrorKind {
+    /// End-user description of the error case, where relevant
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Self::InvalidValue => Some("one of the values isn't valid for an argument"),
+            Self::UnknownArgument => Some("unexpected argument found"),
+            Self::InvalidSubcommand => Some("unrecognized subcommand"),
+            Self::NoEquals => Some("equal is needed when assigning values to one of the arguments"),
+            Self::ValueValidation => Some("invalid value for one of the arguments"),
+            Self::TooManyValues => Some("unexpected value for an argument found"),
+            Self::TooFewValues => Some("more values required for an argument"),
+            Self::WrongNumberOfValues => Some("too many or too few values for an argument"),
+            Self::ArgumentConflict => {
+                Some("an argument cannot be used with one or more of the other specified arguments")
+            }
+            Self::MissingRequiredArgument => {
+                Some("one or more required arguments were not provided")
+            }
+            Self::MissingSubcommand => Some("a subcommand is required but one was not provided"),
+            Self::InvalidUtf8 => Some("invalid UTF-8 was detected in one or more arguments"),
+            Self::DisplayHelp => None,
+            Self::DisplayHelpOnMissingArgumentOrSubcommand => None,
+            Self::DisplayVersion => None,
+            Self::Io => None,
+            Self::Format => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ErrorKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.as_str().unwrap_or_default().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/mod.rs b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af90e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/clap_builder/src/error/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+//! Error reporting
+
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(dead_code))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(unused_imports))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(unused_variables))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(unused_mut))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "error-context"), allow(clippy::let_and_return))]
+
+// Std
+use std::{
+    borrow::Cow,
+    convert::From,
+    error,
+    fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter},
+    io::{self},
+    result::Result as StdResult,
+};
+
+// Internal
+use crate::builder::StyledStr;
+use crate::builder::Styles;
+use crate::output::fmt::Colorizer;
+use crate::output::fmt::Stream;
+use crate::parser::features::suggestions;
+use crate::util::FlatMap;
+use crate::util::{color::ColorChoice, safe_exit, SUCCESS_CODE, USAGE_CODE};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+mod context;
+mod format;
+mod kind;
+
+pub use format::ErrorFormatter;
+pub use format::KindFormatter;
+pub use kind::ErrorKind;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub use context::ContextKind;
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub use context::ContextValue;
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub use format::RichFormatter;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "error-context"))]
+pub use KindFormatter as DefaultFormatter;
+#[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+pub use RichFormatter as DefaultFormatter;
+
+/// Short hand for [`Result`] type
+///
+/// [`Result`]: std::result::Result
+pub type Result<T, E = Error> = StdResult<T, E>;
+
+/// Command Line Argument Parser Error
+///
+/// See [`Command::error`] to create an error.
+///
+/// [`Command::error`]: crate::Command::error
+pub struct Error<F: ErrorFormatter = DefaultFormatter> {
+    inner: Box<ErrorInner>,
+    phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<F>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ErrorInner {
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+    context: FlatMap<ContextKind, ContextValue>,
+    message: Option<Message>,
+    source: Option<Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
+    help_flag: Option<&'static str>,
+    styles: Styles,
+    color_when: ColorChoice,
+    color_help_when: ColorChoice,
+    backtrace: Option<Backtrace>,
+}
+
+impl<F: ErrorFormatter> Error<F> {
+    /// Create an unformatted error
+    ///
+    /// This is for you need to pass the error up to
+    /// a place that has access to the `Command` at which point you can call [`Error::format`].
+    ///
+    /// Prefer [`Command::error`] for generating errors.
+    ///
+    /// [`Command::error`]: crate::Command::error
+    pub fn raw(kind: ErrorKind, message: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Self {
+        Self::new(kind).set_message(message.to_string())
+    }
+
+    /// Format the existing message with the Command's context
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn format(mut self, cmd: &mut Command) -> Self {
+        cmd._build_self(false);
+        let usage = cmd.render_usage_();
+        if let Some(message) = self.inner.message.as_mut() {
+            message.format(cmd, usage);
+        }
+        self.with_cmd(cmd)
+    }
+
+    /// Create an error with a pre-defined message
+    ///
+    /// See also
+    /// - [`Error::insert`]
+    /// - [`Error::with_cmd`]
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[cfg(feature = "error-context")] {
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::error::ErrorKind;
+    /// # use clap::error::ContextKind;
+    /// # use clap::error::ContextValue;
+    ///
+    /// let cmd = clap::Command::new("prog");
+    ///
+    /// let mut err = clap::Error::new(ErrorKind::ValueValidation)
+    ///     .with_cmd(&cmd);
+    /// err.insert(ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String("--foo".to_owned()));
+    /// err.insert(ContextKind::InvalidValue, ContextValue::String("bar".to_owned()));
+    ///
+    /// err.print();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(kind: ErrorKind) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: Box::new(ErrorInner {
+                kind,
+                #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+                context: FlatMap::new(),
+                message: None,
+                source: None,
+                help_flag: None,
+                styles: Styles::plain(),
+                color_when: ColorChoice::Never,
+                color_help_when: ColorChoice::Never,
+                backtrace: Backtrace::new(),
+            }),
+            phantom: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Apply [`Command`]'s formatting to the error
+    ///
+    /// Generally, this is used with [`Error::new`]
+    pub fn with_cmd(self, cmd: &Command) -> Self {
+        self.set_styles(cmd.get_styles().clone())
+            .set_color(cmd.get_color())
+            .set_colored_help(cmd.color_help())
+            .set_help_flag(format::get_help_flag(cmd))
+    }
+
+    /// Apply an alternative formatter to the error
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// # use clap::Command;
+    /// # use clap::Arg;
+    /// # use clap::error::KindFormatter;
+    /// let cmd = Command::new("foo")
+    ///     .arg(Arg::new("input").required(true));
+    /// let matches = cmd
+    ///     .try_get_matches_from(["foo", "input.txt"])
+    ///     .map_err(|e| e.apply::<KindFormatter>())
+    ///     .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn apply<EF: ErrorFormatter>(self) -> Error<EF> {
+        Error {
+            inner: self.inner,
+            phantom: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Type of error for programmatic processing
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> ErrorKind {
+        self.inner.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Additional information to further qualify the error
+    #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+    pub fn context(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (ContextKind, &ContextValue)> {
+        self.inner.context.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, v))
+    }
+
+    /// Lookup a piece of context
+    #[inline(never)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+    pub fn get(&self, kind: ContextKind) -> Option<&ContextValue> {
+        self.inner.context.get(&kind)
+    }
+
+    /// Insert a piece of context
+    #[inline(never)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, kind: ContextKind, value: ContextValue) -> Option<ContextValue> {
+        self.inner.context.insert(kind, value)
+    }
+
+    /// Should the message be written to `stdout` or not?
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn use_stderr(&self) -> bool {
+        self.stream() == Stream::Stderr
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn stream(&self) -> Stream {
+        match self.kind() {
+            ErrorKind::DisplayHelp | ErrorKind::DisplayVersion => Stream::Stdout,
+            _ => Stream::Stderr,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the exit code that `.exit` will exit the process with.
+    ///
+    /// When the error's kind would print to `stderr` this returns `2`,
+    /// else it returns `0`.
+    pub fn exit_code(&self) -> i32 {
+        if self.use_stderr() {
+            USAGE_CODE
+        } else {
+            SUCCESS_CODE
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Prints the error and exits.
+    ///
+    /// Depending on the error kind, this either prints to `stderr` and exits with a status of `2`
+    /// or prints to `stdout` and exits with a status of `0`.
+    pub fn exit(&self) -> ! {
+        // Swallow broken pipe errors
+        let _ = self.print();
+        safe_exit(self.exit_code())
+    }
+
+    /// Prints formatted and colored error to `stdout` or `stderr` according to its error kind
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// use clap::Command;
+    ///
+    /// match Command::new("Command").try_get_matches() {
+    ///     Ok(matches) => {
+    ///         // do_something
+    ///     },
+    ///     Err(err) => {
+    ///         err.print().expect("Error writing Error");
+    ///         // do_something
+    ///     },
+    /// };
+    /// ```
+    pub fn print(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let style = self.formatted();
+        let color_when = if matches!(
+            self.kind(),
+            ErrorKind::DisplayHelp | ErrorKind::DisplayHelpOnMissingArgumentOrSubcommand,
+        ) {
+            self.inner.color_help_when
+        } else {
+            self.inner.color_when
+        };
+        let c = Colorizer::new(self.stream(), color_when).with_content(style.into_owned());
+        c.print()
+    }
+
+    /// Render the error message to a [`StyledStr`].
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
+    /// use clap::Command;
+    ///
+    /// match Command::new("Command").try_get_matches() {
+    ///     Ok(matches) => {
+    ///         // do_something
+    ///     },
+    ///     Err(err) => {
+    ///         let err = err.render();
+    ///         println!("{err}");
+    ///         // do_something
+    ///     },
+    /// };
+    /// ```
+    pub fn render(&self) -> StyledStr {
+        self.formatted().into_owned()
+    }
+
+    #[inline(never)]
+    fn for_app(kind: ErrorKind, cmd: &Command, styled: StyledStr) -> Self {
+        Self::new(kind).set_message(styled).with_cmd(cmd)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_message(mut self, message: impl Into<Message>) -> Self {
+        self.inner.message = Some(message.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_source(mut self, source: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>) -> Self {
+        self.inner.source = Some(source);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_styles(mut self, styles: Styles) -> Self {
+        self.inner.styles = styles;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_color(mut self, color_when: ColorChoice) -> Self {
+        self.inner.color_when = color_when;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_colored_help(mut self, color_help_when: ColorChoice) -> Self {
+        self.inner.color_help_when = color_help_when;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_help_flag(mut self, help_flag: Option<&'static str>) -> Self {
+        self.inner.help_flag = help_flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Does not verify if `ContextKind` is already present
+    #[inline(never)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+    pub(crate) fn insert_context_unchecked(
+        mut self,
+        kind: ContextKind,
+        value: ContextValue,
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.inner.context.insert_unchecked(kind, value);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Does not verify if `ContextKind` is already present
+    #[inline(never)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+    pub(crate) fn extend_context_unchecked<const N: usize>(
+        mut self,
+        context: [(ContextKind, ContextValue); N],
+    ) -> Self {
+        self.inner.context.extend_unchecked(context);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn display_help(cmd: &Command, styled: StyledStr) -> Self {
+        Self::for_app(ErrorKind::DisplayHelp, cmd, styled)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn display_help_error(cmd: &Command, styled: StyledStr) -> Self {
+        Self::for_app(
+            ErrorKind::DisplayHelpOnMissingArgumentOrSubcommand,
+            cmd,
+            styled,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn display_version(cmd: &Command, styled: StyledStr) -> Self {
+        Self::for_app(ErrorKind::DisplayVersion, cmd, styled)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn argument_conflict(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        arg: String,
+        mut others: Vec<String>,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::ArgumentConflict).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            let others = match others.len() {
+                0 => ContextValue::None,
+                1 => ContextValue::String(others.pop().unwrap()),
+                _ => ContextValue::Strings(others),
+            };
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (ContextKind::PriorArg, others),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn empty_value(cmd: &Command, good_vals: &[String], arg: String) -> Self {
+        Self::invalid_value(cmd, "".to_owned(), good_vals, arg)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn no_equals(cmd: &Command, arg: String, usage: Option<StyledStr>) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::NoEquals).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err
+                .extend_context_unchecked([(ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg))]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn invalid_value(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        bad_val: String,
+        good_vals: &[String],
+        arg: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let suggestion = suggestions::did_you_mean(&bad_val, good_vals.iter()).pop();
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::InvalidValue).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (ContextKind::InvalidValue, ContextValue::String(bad_val)),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::ValidValue,
+                    ContextValue::Strings(good_vals.iter().map(|s| (*s).to_owned()).collect()),
+                ),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(suggestion) = suggestion {
+                err = err.insert_context_unchecked(
+                    ContextKind::SuggestedValue,
+                    ContextValue::String(suggestion),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn invalid_subcommand(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        subcmd: String,
+        did_you_mean: Vec<String>,
+        name: String,
+        suggested_trailing_arg: bool,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let styles = cmd.get_styles();
+        let invalid = &styles.get_invalid();
+        let valid = &styles.get_valid();
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::InvalidSubcommand).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            let mut suggestions = vec![];
+            if suggested_trailing_arg {
+                let mut styled_suggestion = StyledStr::new();
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled_suggestion,
+                    "to pass '{}{subcmd}{}' as a value, use '{}{name} -- {subcmd}{}'",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                    valid.render(),
+                    valid.render_reset()
+                );
+                suggestions.push(styled_suggestion);
+            }
+
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidSubcommand, ContextValue::String(subcmd)),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::SuggestedSubcommand,
+                    ContextValue::Strings(did_you_mean),
+                ),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::Suggested,
+                    ContextValue::StyledStrs(suggestions),
+                ),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn unrecognized_subcommand(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        subcmd: String,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::InvalidSubcommand).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([(
+                ContextKind::InvalidSubcommand,
+                ContextValue::String(subcmd),
+            )]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn missing_required_argument(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        required: Vec<String>,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::MissingRequiredArgument).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([(
+                ContextKind::InvalidArg,
+                ContextValue::Strings(required),
+            )]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn missing_subcommand(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        parent: String,
+        available: Vec<String>,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::MissingSubcommand).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidSubcommand, ContextValue::String(parent)),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::ValidSubcommand,
+                    ContextValue::Strings(available),
+                ),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn invalid_utf8(cmd: &Command, usage: Option<StyledStr>) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::InvalidUtf8).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn too_many_values(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        val: String,
+        arg: String,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::TooManyValues).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (ContextKind::InvalidValue, ContextValue::String(val)),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn too_few_values(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        arg: String,
+        min_vals: usize,
+        curr_vals: usize,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::TooFewValues).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::MinValues,
+                    ContextValue::Number(min_vals as isize),
+                ),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::ActualNumValues,
+                    ContextValue::Number(curr_vals as isize),
+                ),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn value_validation(
+        arg: String,
+        val: String,
+        err: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::ValueValidation).set_source(err);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (ContextKind::InvalidValue, ContextValue::String(val)),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn wrong_number_of_values(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        arg: String,
+        num_vals: usize,
+        curr_vals: usize,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::WrongNumberOfValues).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::ExpectedNumValues,
+                    ContextValue::Number(num_vals as isize),
+                ),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::ActualNumValues,
+                    ContextValue::Number(curr_vals as isize),
+                ),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn unknown_argument(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        arg: String,
+        did_you_mean: Option<(String, Option<String>)>,
+        suggested_trailing_arg: bool,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let styles = cmd.get_styles();
+        let invalid = &styles.get_invalid();
+        let valid = &styles.get_valid();
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::UnknownArgument).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            let mut suggestions = vec![];
+            if suggested_trailing_arg {
+                let mut styled_suggestion = StyledStr::new();
+                let _ = write!(
+                    styled_suggestion,
+                    "to pass '{}{arg}{}' as a value, use '{}-- {arg}{}'",
+                    invalid.render(),
+                    invalid.render_reset(),
+                    valid.render(),
+                    valid.render_reset()
+                );
+                suggestions.push(styled_suggestion);
+            }
+
+            err = err
+                .extend_context_unchecked([(ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg))]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+            match did_you_mean {
+                Some((flag, Some(sub))) => {
+                    let mut styled_suggestion = StyledStr::new();
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        styled_suggestion,
+                        "'{}{sub} {flag}{}' exists",
+                        valid.render(),
+                        valid.render_reset()
+                    );
+                    suggestions.push(styled_suggestion);
+                }
+                Some((flag, None)) => {
+                    err = err.insert_context_unchecked(
+                        ContextKind::SuggestedArg,
+                        ContextValue::String(flag),
+                    );
+                }
+                None => {}
+            }
+            if !suggestions.is_empty() {
+                err = err.insert_context_unchecked(
+                    ContextKind::Suggested,
+                    ContextValue::StyledStrs(suggestions),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn unnecessary_double_dash(
+        cmd: &Command,
+        arg: String,
+        usage: Option<StyledStr>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        use std::fmt::Write as _;
+        let styles = cmd.get_styles();
+        let invalid = &styles.get_invalid();
+        let valid = &styles.get_valid();
+        let mut err = Self::new(ErrorKind::UnknownArgument).with_cmd(cmd);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "error-context")]
+        {
+            let mut styled_suggestion = StyledStr::new();
+            let _ = write!(
+                styled_suggestion,
+                "subcommand '{}{arg}{}' exists; to use it, remove the '{}--{}' before it",
+                valid.render(),
+                valid.render_reset(),
+                invalid.render(),
+                invalid.render_reset()
+            );
+
+            err = err.extend_context_unchecked([
+                (ContextKind::InvalidArg, ContextValue::String(arg)),
+                (
+                    ContextKind::Suggested,
+                    ContextValue::StyledStrs(vec![styled_suggestion]),
+                ),
+            ]);
+            if let Some(usage) = usage {
+                err = err
+                    .insert_context_unchecked(ContextKind::Usage, ContextValue::StyledStr(usage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        err
+    }
+
+    fn formatted(&self) -> Cow<'_, StyledStr> {
+        if let Some(message) = self.inner.message.as_ref() {
+            message.formatted(&self.inner.styles)
+        } else {
+            let styled = F::format_error(self);
+            Cow::Owned(styled)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: ErrorFormatter> From<io::Error> for Error<F> {
+    fn from(e: io::Error) -> Self {
+        Error::raw(ErrorKind::Io, e)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: ErrorFormatter> From<fmt::Error> for Error<F> {
+    fn from(e: fmt::Error) -> Self {
+        Error::raw(ErrorKind::Format, e)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: ErrorFormatter> std::fmt::Debug for Error<F> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        self.inner.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: ErrorFormatter> error::Error for Error<F> {
+    #[allow(trivial_casts)]
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn error::Error + 'static)> {
+        self.inner.source.as_ref().map(|e| e.as_ref() as _)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: ErrorFormatter> Display for Error<F> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        // Assuming `self.message` already has a trailing newline, from `try_help` or similar
+        ok!(write!(f, "{}", self.formatted()));
+        if let Some(backtrace) = self.inner.backtrace.as_ref() {
+            ok!(writeln!(f));
+            ok!(writeln!(f, "Backtrace:"));
+            ok!(writeln!(f, "{backtrace}"));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum Message {
+    Raw(String),
+    Formatted(StyledStr),
+}
+
+impl Message {
+    fn format(&mut self, cmd: &Command, usage: Option<StyledStr>) {
+        match self {
+            Message::Raw(s) => {
+                let mut message = String::new();
+                std::mem::swap(s, &mut message);
+
+                let styled = format::format_error_message(
+                    &message,
+                    cmd.get_styles(),
+                    Some(cmd),
+                    usage.as_ref(),
+                );
+
+                *self = Self::Formatted(styled);
+            }
+            Message::Formatted(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn formatted(&self, styles: &Styles) -> Cow<StyledStr> {
+        match self {
+            Message::Raw(s) => {
+                let styled = format::format_error_message(s, styles, None, None);
+
+                Cow::Owned(styled)
+            }
+            Message::Formatted(s) => Cow::Borrowed(s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for Message {
+    fn from(inner: String) -> Self {
+        Self::Raw(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<StyledStr> for Message {
+    fn from(inner: StyledStr) -> Self {
+        Self::Formatted(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "debug")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Backtrace(backtrace::Backtrace);
+
+#[cfg(feature = "debug")]
+impl Backtrace {
+    fn new() -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(Self(backtrace::Backtrace::new()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "debug")]
+impl Display for Backtrace {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        // `backtrace::Backtrace` uses `Debug` instead of `Display`
+        write!(f, "{:?}", self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "debug"))]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Backtrace;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "debug"))]
+impl Backtrace {
+    fn new() -> Option<Self> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "debug"))]
+impl Display for Backtrace {
+    fn fmt(&self, _: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn check_auto_traits() {
+    static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(Error: Send, Sync, Unpin);
+}