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Diffstat (limited to 'vendor/clap/src/_derive')
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_0.rs | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_1.rs | 29 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_2.rs | 103 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_3.rs | 78 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_4.rs | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_5.rs | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/mod.rs | 36 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/src/_derive/mod.rs | 518 |
8 files changed, 818 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_0.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_0.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d680694 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_0.rs @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//! ## Quick Start +//! +//! You can create an application declaratively with a `struct` and some +//! attributes. +//! +//! First, ensure `clap` is available with the [`derive` feature flag][crate::_features]: +//! ```console +//! $ cargo add clap --features derive +//! ``` +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/01_quick.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/01_quick.md")] +//! +//! See also +//! - [FAQ: When should I use the builder vs derive APIs?][crate::_faq#when-should-i-use-the-builder-vs-derive-apis] +//! - The [cookbook][crate::_cookbook] for more application-focused examples + +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub use super::chapter_1 as next; +pub use crate::_tutorial as table_of_contents; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_1.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_1.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b58ae6e --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_1.rs @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//! ## Configuring the Parser +//! +//! You use derive [`Parser`][crate::Parser] to start building a parser. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/02_apps.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/02_apps.md")] +//! +//! You can use [`#[command(author, version, about)]` attribute defaults][super#command-attributes] on the struct to fill these fields in from your `Cargo.toml` file. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/02_crate.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/02_crate.md")] +//! +//! You can use `#[command]` attributes on the struct to change the application level behavior of clap. Any [`Command`][crate::Command] builder function can be used as an attribute, like [`Command::next_line_help`]. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/02_app_settings.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/02_app_settings.md")] +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub use super::chapter_0 as previous; +pub use super::chapter_2 as next; +pub use crate::_tutorial as table_of_contents; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_2.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_2.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95d02f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_2.rs @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +//! ## Adding Arguments +//! +//! 1. [Positionals](#positionals) +//! 2. [Options](#options) +//! 3. [Flags](#flags) +//! 4. [Subcommands](#subcommands) +//! 5. [Defaults](#defaults) +//! +//! Arguments are inferred from the fields of your struct. +//! +//! ### Positionals +//! +//! You can have users specify values by their position on the command-line: +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_03_positional.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_03_positional.md")] +//! +//! Note that the [default `ArgAction` is `Set`][super#arg-types]. To +//! accept multiple values, override the [action][Arg::action] with [`Append`][crate::ArgAction::Append] via `Vec`: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_03_positional_mult.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_03_positional_mult.md")] +//! +//! ### Options +//! +//! You can name your arguments with a flag: +//! - Order doesn't matter +//! - They can be optional +//! - Intent is clearer +//! +//! To specify the flags for an argument, you can use [`#[arg(short = 'n')]`][Arg::short] and/or +//! [`#[arg(long = "name")]`][Arg::long] attributes on a field. When no value is given (e.g. +//! `#[arg(short)]`), the flag is inferred from the field's name. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_02_option.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_02_option.md")] +//! +//! Note that the [default `ArgAction` is `Set`][super#arg-types]. To +//! accept multiple occurrences, override the [action][Arg::action] with [`Append`][crate::ArgAction::Append] via `Vec`: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_02_option_mult.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_02_option_mult.md")] +//! +//! ### Flags +//! +//! Flags can also be switches that can be on/off: +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_01_flag_bool.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_01_flag_bool.md")] +//! +//! Note that the [default `ArgAction` for a `bool` field is +//! `SetTrue`][super#arg-types]. To accept multiple flags, override the [action][Arg::action] with +//! [`Count`][crate::ArgAction::Count]: +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_01_flag_count.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_01_flag_count.md")] +//! +//! This also shows that any[`Arg`][crate::Args] method may be used as an attribute. +//! +//! ### Subcommands +//! +//! Subcommands are derived with `#[derive(Subcommand)]` and be added via +//! [`#[command(subcommand)]` attribute][super#command-attributes] on the field using that type. +//! Each instance of a [Subcommand][crate::Subcommand] can have its own version, author(s), Args, +//! and even its own subcommands. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_04_subcommands.rs")] +//! ``` +//! We used a struct-variant to define the `add` subcommand. +//! Alternatively, you can use a struct for your subcommand's arguments: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_04_subcommands_alt.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_04_subcommands.md")] +//! +//! ### Defaults +//! +//! We've previously showed that arguments can be [`required`][crate::Arg::required] or optional. +//! When optional, you work with a `Option` and can `unwrap_or`. Alternatively, you can +//! set [`#[arg(default_value_t)]`][super#arg-attributes]. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_05_default_values.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/03_05_default_values.md")] +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub use super::chapter_1 as previous; +pub use super::chapter_3 as next; +pub use crate::_tutorial as table_of_contents; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_3.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_3.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16004fc --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_3.rs @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +//! ## Validation +//! +//! 1. [Enumerated values](#enumerated-values) +//! 2. [Validated values](#validated-values) +//! 3. [Argument Relations](#argument-relations) +//! 4. [Custom Validation](#custom-validation) +//! +//! An appropriate default parser/validator will be selected for the field's type. See +//! [`value_parser!`][crate::value_parser!] for more details. +//! +//! ### Enumerated values +//! +//! For example, if you have arguments of specific values you want to test for, you can derive +//! [`ValueEnum`][super#valueenum-attributes] +//! (any [`PossibleValue`] builder function can be used as a `#[value]` attribute on enum variants). +//! +//! This allows you specify the valid values for that argument. If the user does not use one of +//! those specific values, they will receive a graceful exit with error message informing them +//! of the mistake, and what the possible valid values are +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_01_enum.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_01_enum.md")] +//! +//! ### Validated values +//! +//! More generally, you can validate and parse into any data type with [`Arg::value_parser`]. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_02_parse.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_02_parse.md")] +//! +//! A [custom parser][TypedValueParser] can be used to improve the error messages or provide additional validation: +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_02_validate.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_02_validate.md")] +//! +//! See [`Arg::value_parser`][crate::Arg::value_parser] for more details. +//! +//! ### Argument Relations +//! +//! You can declare dependencies or conflicts between [`Arg`][crate::Arg]s or even +//! [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup]s. +//! +//! [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup]s make it easier to declare relations instead of having to list +//! each individually, or when you want a rule to apply "any but not all" arguments. +//! +//! Perhaps the most common use of [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup]s is to require one and *only* one +//! argument to be present out of a given set. Imagine that you had multiple arguments, and you +//! want one of them to be required, but making all of them required isn't feasible because perhaps +//! they conflict with each other. +//! +//! [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup]s are automatically created for a `struct` with its +//! [`ArgGroup::id`][crate::ArgGroup::id] being the struct's name. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_03_relations.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_03_relations.md")] +//! +//! ### Custom Validation +//! +//! As a last resort, you can create custom errors with the basics of clap's formatting. +//! +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_04_custom.rs")] +//! ``` +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/04_04_custom.md")] +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub use super::chapter_2 as previous; +pub use super::chapter_4 as next; +pub use crate::_tutorial as table_of_contents; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_4.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_4.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86c5368 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_4.rs @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//! ## Testing +//! +//! clap reports most development errors as `debug_assert!`s. Rather than checking every +//! subcommand, you should have a test that calls +//! [`Command::debug_assert`][crate::Command::debug_assert]: +//! ```rust,no_run +#![doc = include_str!("../../../examples/tutorial_derive/05_01_assert.rs")] +//! ``` + +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub use super::chapter_3 as previous; +pub use super::chapter_5 as next; +pub use crate::_tutorial as table_of_contents; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_5.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_5.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c586392 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/chapter_5.rs @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//! ## Next Steps +//! +//! - [Cookbook][crate::_cookbook] for application-focused examples +//! - Explore more features in the [Derive reference][super] +//! - See also [`Command`], [`Arg`], [`ArgGroup`], and [`PossibleValue`] builder functions which +//! can be used as attributes +//! +//! For support, see [Discussions](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/discussions) + +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub use super::chapter_4 as previous; +pub use crate::_tutorial as table_of_contents; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/mod.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/mod.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f48a64e --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/_tutorial/mod.rs @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Contributing +// +// New example code: +// - Please update the corresponding section in the derive tutorial +// - Building: They must be added to `Cargo.toml` with the appropriate `required-features`. +// - Testing: Ensure there is a markdown file with [trycmd](https://docs.rs/trycmd) syntax +// +// See also the general CONTRIBUTING + +//! # Documentation: Derive Tutorial +//! +//! 1. [Quick Start][chapter_0] +//! 2. [Configuring the Parser][chapter_1] +//! 3. [Adding Arguments][chapter_2] +//! 1. [Positionals][chapter_2#positionals] +//! 2. [Options][chapter_2#options] +//! 3. [Flags][chapter_2#flags] +//! 4. [Subcommands][chapter_2#subcommands] +//! 5. [Defaults][chapter_2#defaults] +//! 4. [Validation][chapter_3] +//! 1. [Enumerated values][chapter_3#enumerated-values] +//! 2. [Validated values][chapter_3#validated-values] +//! 3. [Argument Relations][chapter_3#argument-relations] +//! 4. [Custom Validation][chapter_3#custom-validation] +//! 5. [Testing][chapter_4] +//! 6. [Next Steps][chapter_5] + +#![allow(unused_imports)] +use crate::builder::*; + +pub mod chapter_0; +pub mod chapter_1; +pub mod chapter_2; +pub mod chapter_3; +pub mod chapter_4; +pub mod chapter_5; diff --git a/vendor/clap/src/_derive/mod.rs b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/mod.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ad242d --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/clap/src/_derive/mod.rs @@ -0,0 +1,518 @@ +//! # Documentation: Derive Reference +//! +//! 1. [Overview](#overview) +//! 2. [Attributes](#attributes) +//! 1. [Terminology](#terminology) +//! 2. [Command Attributes](#command-attributes) +//! 2. [ArgGroup Attributes](#arggroup-attributes) +//! 3. [Arg Attributes](#arg-attributes) +//! 4. [ValueEnum Attributes](#valueenum-attributes) +//! 5. [Possible Value Attributes](#possible-value-attributes) +//! 3. [Arg Types](#arg-types) +//! 4. [Doc Comments](#doc-comments) +//! 5. [Mixing Builder and Derive APIs](#mixing-builder-and-derive-apis) +//! 6. [Tips](#tips) +//! +//! ## Overview +//! +//! To derive `clap` types, you need to enable the [`derive` feature flag][crate::_features]. +//! +//! Example: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../examples/demo.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +//! Let's start by breaking down the anatomy of the derive attributes: +//! ```rust +//! use clap::{Parser, Args, Subcommand, ValueEnum}; +//! +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[derive(Parser)] +//! #[command(CMD ATTRIBUTE)] +//! #[group(GROUP ATTRIBUTE)] +//! struct Cli { +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[arg(ARG ATTRIBUTE)] +//! field: UserType, +//! +//! #[arg(value_enum, ARG ATTRIBUTE...)] +//! field: EnumValues, +//! +//! #[command(flatten)] +//! delegate: Struct, +//! +//! #[command(subcommand)] +//! command: Command, +//! } +//! +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[derive(Args)] +//! #[command(PARENT CMD ATTRIBUTE)] +//! #[group(GROUP ATTRIBUTE)] +//! struct Struct { +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[command(ARG ATTRIBUTE)] +//! field: UserType, +//! } +//! +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[derive(Subcommand)] +//! #[command(PARENT CMD ATTRIBUTE)] +//! enum Command { +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[command(CMD ATTRIBUTE)] +//! Variant1(Struct), +//! +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[command(CMD ATTRIBUTE)] +//! Variant2 { +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[arg(ARG ATTRIBUTE)] +//! field: UserType, +//! } +//! } +//! +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[derive(ValueEnum)] +//! #[value(VALUE ENUM ATTRIBUTE)] +//! enum EnumValues { +//! /// Doc comment +//! #[value(POSSIBLE VALUE ATTRIBUTE)] +//! Variant1, +//! } +//! +//! fn main() { +//! let cli = Cli::parse(); +//! } +//! ``` +//! +//! Traits: +//! - [`Parser`][crate::Parser] parses arguments into a `struct` (arguments) or `enum` (subcommands). +//! - [`Args`][crate::Args] allows defining a set of re-usable arguments that get merged into their parent container. +//! - [`Subcommand`][crate::Subcommand] defines available subcommands. +//! - Subcommand arguments can be defined in a struct-variant or automatically flattened with a tuple-variant. +//! - [`ValueEnum`][crate::ValueEnum] allows parsing a value directly into an `enum`, erroring on unsupported values. +//! - The derive doesn't work on enums that contain non-unit variants, unless they are skipped +//! +//! *See also the [derive tutorial][crate::_derive::_tutorial] and [cookbook][crate::_cookbook]* +//! +//! ## Attributes +//! +//! ### Terminology +//! +//! **Raw attributes** are forwarded directly to the underlying [`clap` builder][crate::builder]. Any +//! [`Command`][crate::Command], [`Arg`][crate::Arg], or [`PossibleValue`][crate::builder::PossibleValue] method can be used as an attribute. +//! +//! Raw attributes come in two different syntaxes: +//! ```rust,ignore +//! #[arg( +//! global = true, // name = arg form, neat for one-arg methods +//! required_if_eq("out", "file") // name(arg1, arg2, ...) form. +//! )] +//! ``` +//! +//! - `method = arg` can only be used for methods which take only one argument. +//! - `method(arg1, arg2)` can be used with any method. +//! +//! As long as `method_name` is not one of the magical methods it will be +//! translated into a mere method call. +//! +//! **Magic attributes** have post-processing done to them, whether that is +//! - Providing of defaults +//! - Special behavior is triggered off of it +//! +//! Magic attributes are more constrained in the syntax they support, usually just +//! `<attr> = <value>` though some use `<attr>(<value>)` instead. See the specific +//! magic attributes documentation for details. This allows users to access the +//! raw behavior of an attribute via `<attr>(<value>)` syntax. +//! +//! **NOTE:** Some attributes are inferred from [Arg Types](#arg-types) and [Doc +//! Comments](#doc-comments). Explicit attributes take precedence over inferred +//! attributes. +//! +//! ### Command Attributes +//! +//! These correspond to a [`Command`][crate::Command] which is used for both top-level parsers and +//! when defining subcommands. +//! +//! **Raw attributes:** Any [`Command` method][crate::Command] can also be used as an attribute, +//! see [Terminology](#terminology) for syntax. +//! - e.g. `#[command(arg_required_else_help(true))]` would translate to `cmd.arg_required_else_help(true)` +//! +//! **Magic attributes:** +//! - `name = <expr>`: [`Command::name`][crate::Command::name] +//! - When not present: [package `name`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-name-field) (if on [`Parser`][crate::Parser] container), variant name (if on [`Subcommand`][crate::Subcommand] variant) +//! - `version [= <expr>]`: [`Command::version`][crate::Command::version] +//! - When not present: no version set +//! - Without `<expr>`: defaults to [crate `version`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-version-field) +//! - `author [= <expr>]`: [`Command::author`][crate::Command::author] +//! - When not present: no author set +//! - Without `<expr>`: defaults to [crate `authors`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-authors-field) +//! - `about [= <expr>]`: [`Command::about`][crate::Command::about] +//! - When not present: [Doc comment summary](#doc-comments) +//! - Without `<expr>`: [crate `description`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-description-field) ([`Parser`][crate::Parser] container) +//! - **TIP:** When a doc comment is also present, you most likely want to add +//! `#[arg(long_about = None)]` to clear the doc comment so only [`about`][crate::Command::about] +//! gets shown with both `-h` and `--help`. +//! - `long_about[ = <expr>]`: [`Command::long_about`][crate::Command::long_about] +//! - When not present: [Doc comment](#doc-comments) if there is a blank line, else nothing +//! - When present without a value: [Doc comment](#doc-comments) +//! - `verbatim_doc_comment`: Minimizes pre-processing when converting doc comments to [`about`][crate::Command::about] / [`long_about`][crate::Command::long_about] +//! - `next_display_order`: [`Command::next_display_order`][crate::Command::next_display_order] +//! - `next_help_heading`: [`Command::next_help_heading`][crate::Command::next_help_heading] +//! - When `flatten`ing [`Args`][crate::Args], this is scoped to just the args in this struct and any struct `flatten`ed into it +//! - `rename_all = <string_literal>`: Override default field / variant name case conversion for [`Command::name`][crate::Command::name] / [`Arg::id`][crate::Arg::id] +//! - When not present: `"kebab-case"` +//! - Available values: `"camelCase"`, `"kebab-case"`, `"PascalCase"`, `"SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE"`, `"snake_case"`, `"lower"`, `"UPPER"`, `"verbatim"` +//! - `rename_all_env = <string_literal>`: Override default field name case conversion for env variables for [`Arg::env`][crate::Arg::env] +//! - When not present: `"SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE"` +//! - Available values: `"camelCase"`, `"kebab-case"`, `"PascalCase"`, `"SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE"`, `"snake_case"`, `"lower"`, `"UPPER"`, `"verbatim"` +//! +//! And for [`Subcommand`][crate::Subcommand] variants: +//! - `skip`: Ignore this variant +//! - `flatten`: Delegates to the variant for more subcommands (must implement +//! [`Subcommand`][crate::Subcommand]) +//! - `subcommand`: Nest subcommands under the current set of subcommands (must implement +//! [`Subcommand`][crate::Subcommand]) +//! - `external_subcommand`: [`Command::allow_external_subcommand(true)`][crate::Command::allow_external_subcommands] +//! - Variant must be either `Variant(Vec<String>)` or `Variant(Vec<OsString>)` +//! +//! And for [`Args`][crate::Args] fields: +//! - `flatten`: Delegates to the field for more arguments (must implement [`Args`][crate::Args]) +//! - Only [`next_help_heading`][crate::Command::next_help_heading] can be used with `flatten`. See +//! [clap-rs/clap#3269](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/3269) for why +//! arg attributes are not generally supported. +//! - **Tip:** Though we do apply a flattened [`Args`][crate::Args]'s Parent Command Attributes, this +//! makes reuse harder. Generally prefer putting the cmd attributes on the +//! [`Parser`][crate::Parser] or on the flattened field. +//! - `subcommand`: Delegates definition of subcommands to the field (must implement +//! [`Subcommand`][crate::Subcommand]) +//! - When `Option<T>`, the subcommand becomes optional +//! +//! See [Configuring the Parser][_tutorial::chapter_1] and +//! [Subcommands][_tutorial::chapter_2#subcommands] from the tutorial. +//! +//! ### ArgGroup Attributes +//! +//! These correspond to the [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup] which is implicitly created for each +//! `Args` derive. +//! +//! **Raw attributes:** Any [`ArgGroup` method][crate::ArgGroup] can also be used as an attribute, see [Terminology](#terminology) for syntax. +//! - e.g. `#[group(required = true)]` would translate to `arg_group.required(true)` +//! +//! **Magic attributes**: +//! - `id = <expr>`: [`ArgGroup::id`][crate::ArgGroup::id] +//! - When not present: struct's name is used +//! - `skip [= <expr>]`: Ignore this field, filling in with `<expr>` +//! - Without `<expr>`: fills the field with `Default::default()` +//! +//! Note: +//! - For `struct`s, [`multiple = true`][crate::ArgGroup::multiple] is implied +//! - `enum` support is tracked at [#2621](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/2621) +//! +//! See [Argument Relations][_tutorial::chapter_3#argument-relations] from the tutorial. +//! +//! ### Arg Attributes +//! +//! These correspond to a [`Arg`][crate::Arg]. +//! +//! **Raw attributes:** Any [`Arg` method][crate::Arg] can also be used as an attribute, see [Terminology](#terminology) for syntax. +//! - e.g. `#[arg(max_values(3))]` would translate to `arg.max_values(3)` +//! +//! **Magic attributes**: +//! - `id = <expr>`: [`Arg::id`][crate::Arg::id] +//! - When not present: field's name is used +//! - `value_parser [= <expr>]`: [`Arg::value_parser`][crate::Arg::value_parser] +//! - When not present: will auto-select an implementation based on the field type using +//! [`value_parser!`][crate::value_parser!] +//! - `action [= <expr>]`: [`Arg::action`][crate::Arg::action] +//! - When not present: will auto-select an action based on the field type +//! - `help = <expr>`: [`Arg::help`][crate::Arg::help] +//! - When not present: [Doc comment summary](#doc-comments) +//! - `long_help[ = <expr>]`: [`Arg::long_help`][crate::Arg::long_help] +//! - When not present: [Doc comment](#doc-comments) if there is a blank line, else nothing +//! - When present without a value: [Doc comment](#doc-comments) +//! - `verbatim_doc_comment`: Minimizes pre-processing when converting doc comments to [`help`][crate::Arg::help] / [`long_help`][crate::Arg::long_help] +//! - `short [= <char>]`: [`Arg::short`][crate::Arg::short] +//! - When not present: no short set +//! - Without `<char>`: defaults to first character in the case-converted field name +//! - `long [= <str>]`: [`Arg::long`][crate::Arg::long] +//! - When not present: no long set +//! - Without `<str>`: defaults to the case-converted field name +//! - `env [= <str>]`: [`Arg::env`][crate::Arg::env] (needs [`env` feature][crate::_features] enabled) +//! - When not present: no env set +//! - Without `<str>`: defaults to the case-converted field name +//! - `from_global`: Read a [`Arg::global`][crate::Arg::global] argument (raw attribute), regardless of what subcommand you are in +//! - `value_enum`: Parse the value using the [`ValueEnum`][crate::ValueEnum] +//! - `skip [= <expr>]`: Ignore this field, filling in with `<expr>` +//! - Without `<expr>`: fills the field with `Default::default()` +//! - `default_value = <str>`: [`Arg::default_value`][crate::Arg::default_value] and [`Arg::required(false)`][crate::Arg::required] +//! - `default_value_t [= <expr>]`: [`Arg::default_value`][crate::Arg::default_value] and [`Arg::required(false)`][crate::Arg::required] +//! - Requires `std::fmt::Display` that roundtrips correctly with the +//! [`Arg::value_parser`][crate::Arg::value_parser] or `#[arg(value_enum)]` +//! - Without `<expr>`, relies on `Default::default()` +//! - `default_values_t = <expr>`: [`Arg::default_values`][crate::Arg::default_values] and [`Arg::required(false)`][crate::Arg::required] +//! - Requires field arg to be of type `Vec<T>` and `T` to implement `std::fmt::Display` or `#[arg(value_enum)]` +//! - `<expr>` must implement `IntoIterator<T>` +//! - `default_value_os_t [= <expr>]`: [`Arg::default_value_os`][crate::Arg::default_value_os] and [`Arg::required(false)`][crate::Arg::required] +//! - Requires `std::convert::Into<OsString>` or `#[arg(value_enum)]` +//! - Without `<expr>`, relies on `Default::default()` +//! - `default_values_os_t = <expr>`: [`Arg::default_values_os`][crate::Arg::default_values_os] and [`Arg::required(false)`][crate::Arg::required] +//! - Requires field arg to be of type `Vec<T>` and `T` to implement `std::convert::Into<OsString>` or `#[arg(value_enum)]` +//! - `<expr>` must implement `IntoIterator<T>` +//! +//! See [Adding Arguments][_tutorial::chapter_2] and [Validation][_tutorial::chapter_3] from the +//! tutorial. +//! +//! ### ValueEnum Attributes +//! +//! - `rename_all = <string_literal>`: Override default field / variant name case conversion for [`PossibleValue::new`][crate::builder::PossibleValue] +//! - When not present: `"kebab-case"` +//! - Available values: `"camelCase"`, `"kebab-case"`, `"PascalCase"`, `"SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE"`, `"snake_case"`, `"lower"`, `"UPPER"`, `"verbatim"` +//! +//! See [Enumerated values][_tutorial::chapter_3#enumerated-values] from the tutorial. +//! +//! ### Possible Value Attributes +//! +//! These correspond to a [`PossibleValue`][crate::builder::PossibleValue]. +//! +//! **Raw attributes:** Any [`PossibleValue` method][crate::builder::PossibleValue] can also be used as an attribute, see [Terminology](#terminology) for syntax. +//! - e.g. `#[value(alias("foo"))]` would translate to `pv.alias("foo")` +//! +//! **Magic attributes**: +//! - `name = <expr>`: [`PossibleValue::new`][crate::builder::PossibleValue::new] +//! - When not present: case-converted field name is used +//! - `help = <expr>`: [`PossibleValue::help`][crate::builder::PossibleValue::help] +//! - When not present: [Doc comment summary](#doc-comments) +//! - `skip`: Ignore this variant +//! +//! ## Arg Types +//! +//! `clap` assumes some intent based on the type used: +//! +//! | Type | Effect | Implies | +//! |---------------------|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------| +//! | `()` | user-defined | `.action(ArgAction::Set).required(false)` | +//! | `bool` | flag | `.action(ArgAction::SetTrue)` | +//! | `Option<T>` | optional argument | `.action(ArgAction::Set).required(false)` | +//! | `Option<Option<T>>` | optional value for optional argument | `.action(ArgAction::Set).required(false).num_args(0..=1)` | +//! | `T` | required argument | `.action(ArgAction::Set).required(!has_default)` | +//! | `Vec<T>` | `0..` occurrences of argument | `.action(ArgAction::Append).required(false)` | +//! | `Option<Vec<T>>` | `0..` occurrences of argument | `.action(ArgAction::Append).required(false)` | +//! +//! In addition, [`.value_parser(value_parser!(T))`][crate::value_parser!] is called for each +//! field. +//! +//! Notes: +//! - For custom type behavior, you can override the implied attributes/settings and/or set additional ones +//! - To force any inferred type (like `Vec<T>`) to be treated as `T`, you can refer to the type +//! by another means, like using `std::vec::Vec` instead of `Vec`. For improving this, see +//! [#4626](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/4626). +//! - `Option<Vec<T>>` will be `None` instead of `vec![]` if no arguments are provided. +//! - This gives the user some flexibility in designing their argument, like with `num_args(0..)` +//! +//! ## Doc Comments +//! +//! In clap, help messages for the whole binary can be specified +//! via [`Command::about`][crate::Command::about] and [`Command::long_about`][crate::Command::long_about] while help messages +//! for individual arguments can be specified via [`Arg::help`][crate::Arg::help] and [`Arg::long_help`][crate::Arg::long_help]. +//! +//! `long_*` variants are used when user calls the program with +//! `--help` and "short" variants are used with `-h` flag. +//! +//! ```rust +//! # use clap::Parser; +//! +//! #[derive(Parser)] +//! #[command(about = "I am a program and I work, just pass `-h`", long_about = None)] +//! struct Foo { +//! #[arg(short, help = "Pass `-h` and you'll see me!")] +//! bar: String, +//! } +//! ``` +//! +//! For convenience, doc comments can be used instead of raw methods +//! (this example works exactly like the one above): +//! +//! ```rust +//! # use clap::Parser; +//! +//! #[derive(Parser)] +//! /// I am a program and I work, just pass `-h` +//! struct Foo { +//! /// Pass `-h` and you'll see me! +//! bar: String, +//! } +//! ``` +//! +//! **NOTE:** Attributes have priority over doc comments! +//! +//! **Top level doc comments always generate `Command::about/long_about` calls!** +//! If you really want to use the `Command::about/long_about` methods (you likely don't), +//! use the `about` / `long_about` attributes to override the calls generated from +//! the doc comment. To clear `long_about`, you can use +//! `#[command(long_about = None)]`. +//! +//! ### Pre-processing +//! +//! ```rust +//! # use clap::Parser; +//! #[derive(Parser)] +//! /// Hi there, I'm Robo! +//! /// +//! /// I like beeping, stumbling, eating your electricity, +//! /// and making records of you singing in a shower. +//! /// Pay up, or I'll upload it to youtube! +//! struct Robo { +//! /// Call my brother SkyNet. +//! /// +//! /// I am artificial superintelligence. I won't rest +//! /// until I'll have destroyed humanity. Enjoy your +//! /// pathetic existence, you mere mortals. +//! #[arg(long, action)] +//! kill_all_humans: bool, +//! } +//! ``` +//! +//! A doc comment consists of three parts: +//! - Short summary +//! - A blank line (whitespace only) +//! - Detailed description, all the rest +//! +//! The summary corresponds with `Command::about` / `Arg::help`. When a blank line is +//! present, the whole doc comment will be passed to `Command::long_about` / +//! `Arg::long_help`. Or in other words, a doc may result in just a `Command::about` / +//! `Arg::help` or `Command::about` / `Arg::help` and `Command::long_about` / +//! `Arg::long_help` +//! +//! In addition, when `verbatim_doc_comment` is not present, `clap` applies some preprocessing, including: +//! +//! - Strip leading and trailing whitespace from every line, if present. +//! +//! - Strip leading and trailing blank lines, if present. +//! +//! - Interpret each group of non-empty lines as a word-wrapped paragraph. +//! +//! We replace newlines within paragraphs with spaces to allow the output +//! to be re-wrapped to the terminal width. +//! +//! - Strip any excess blank lines so that there is exactly one per paragraph break. +//! +//! - If the first paragraph ends in exactly one period, +//! remove the trailing period (i.e. strip trailing periods but not trailing ellipses). +//! +//! Sometimes you don't want this preprocessing to apply, for example the comment contains +//! some ASCII art or markdown tables, you would need to preserve LFs along with +//! blank lines and the leading/trailing whitespace. When you pass use the +//! `verbatim_doc_comment` magic attribute, you preserve +//! them. +//! +//! **Note:** Keep in mind that `verbatim_doc_comment` will *still* +//! - Remove one leading space from each line, even if this attribute is present, +//! to allow for a space between `///` and the content. +//! - Remove leading and trailing blank lines +//! +//! ## Mixing Builder and Derive APIs +//! +//! The builder and derive APIs do not live in isolation. They can work together, which is +//! especially helpful if some arguments can be specified at compile-time while others must be +//! specified at runtime. +//! +//! ### Using derived arguments in a builder application +//! +//! When using the derive API, you can `#[command(flatten)]` a struct deriving `Args` into a struct +//! deriving `Args` or `Parser`. This example shows how you can augment a `Command` instance +//! created using the builder API with `Args` created using the derive API. +//! +//! It uses the [`Args::augment_args`][crate::Args::augment_args] method to add the arguments to +//! the `Command` instance. +//! +//! Crates such as [clap-verbosity-flag](https://github.com/rust-cli/clap-verbosity-flag) provide +//! structs that implement `Args`. Without the technique shown in this example, it would not be +//! possible to use such crates with the builder API. +//! +//! For example: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../examples/derive_ref/augment_args.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +//! ### Using derived subcommands in a builder application +//! +//! When using the derive API, you can use `#[command(subcommand)]` inside the struct to add +//! subcommands. The type of the field is usually an enum that derived `Parser`. However, you can +//! also add the subcommands in that enum to a `Command` instance created with the builder API. +//! +//! It uses the [`Subcommand::augment_subcommands`][crate::Subcommand::augment_subcommands] method +//! to add the subcommands to the `Command` instance. +//! +//! For example: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../examples/derive_ref/augment_subcommands.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +//! ### Adding hand-implemented subcommands to a derived application +//! +//! When using the derive API, you can use `#[command(subcommand)]` inside the struct to add +//! subcommands. The type of the field is usually an enum that derived `Parser`. However, you can +//! also implement the `Subcommand` trait manually on this enum (or any other type) and it can +//! still be used inside the struct created with the derive API. The implementation of the +//! `Subcommand` trait will use the builder API to add the subcommands to the `Command` instance +//! created behind the scenes for you by the derive API. +//! +//! Notice how in the previous example we used +//! [`augment_subcommands`][crate::Subcommand::augment_subcommands] on an enum that derived +//! `Parser`, whereas now we implement +//! [`augment_subcommands`][crate::Subcommand::augment_subcommands] ourselves, but the derive API +//! calls it automatically since we used the `#[command(subcommand)]` attribute. +//! +//! For example: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../examples/derive_ref/hand_subcommand.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +//! ### Flattening hand-implemented args into a derived application +//! +//! When using the derive API, you can use `#[command(flatten)]` inside the struct to add arguments as +//! if they were added directly to the containing struct. The type of the field is usually an +//! struct that derived `Args`. However, you can also implement the `Args` trait manually on this +//! struct (or any other type) and it can still be used inside the struct created with the derive +//! API. The implementation of the `Args` trait will use the builder API to add the arguments to +//! the `Command` instance created behind the scenes for you by the derive API. +//! +//! Notice how in the previous example we used [`augment_args`][crate::Args::augment_args] on the +//! struct that derived `Parser`, whereas now we implement +//! [`augment_args`][crate::Args::augment_args] ourselves, but the derive API calls it +//! automatically since we used the `#[command(flatten)]` attribute. +//! +//! For example: +//! ```rust +#![doc = include_str!("../../examples/derive_ref/flatten_hand_args.rs")] +//! ``` +//! +//! ## Tips +//! +//! - To get access to a [`Command`][crate::Command] call +//! [`CommandFactory::command`][crate::CommandFactory::command] (implemented when deriving +//! [`Parser`][crate::Parser]) +//! - Proactively check for bad [`Command`][crate::Command] configurations by calling +//! [`Command::debug_assert`][crate::Command::debug_assert] in a test +//! ([example][_tutorial#testing]) +//! - Always remember to [document](#doc-comments) args and commands with `#![deny(missing_docs)]` + +// Point people here that search for attributes that don't exist in the derive (a subset of magic +// attributes) +#![doc(alias = "skip")] +#![doc(alias = "verbatim_doc_comment")] +#![doc(alias = "flatten")] +#![doc(alias = "external_subcommand")] +#![doc(alias = "subcommand")] +#![doc(alias = "rename_all")] +#![doc(alias = "rename_all_env")] +#![doc(alias = "default_value_t")] +#![doc(alias = "default_values_t")] +#![doc(alias = "default_value_os_t")] +#![doc(alias = "default_values_os_t")] + +pub mod _tutorial; +#[doc(inline)] +pub use crate::_cookbook; |