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-//! Traits and functions used to implement parallel iteration. These are
-//! low-level details -- users of parallel iterators should not need to
-//! interact with them directly. See [the `plumbing` README][r] for a general overview.
-//!
-//! [r]: https://github.com/rayon-rs/rayon/blob/master/src/iter/plumbing/README.md
-
-use crate::join_context;
-
-use super::IndexedParallelIterator;
-
-use std::cmp;
-use std::usize;
-
-/// The `ProducerCallback` trait is a kind of generic closure,
-/// [analogous to `FnOnce`][FnOnce]. See [the corresponding section in
-/// the plumbing README][r] for more details.
-///
-/// [r]: https://github.com/rayon-rs/rayon/blob/master/src/iter/plumbing/README.md#producer-callback
-/// [FnOnce]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html
-pub trait ProducerCallback<T> {
- /// The type of value returned by this callback. Analogous to
- /// [`Output` from the `FnOnce` trait][Output].
- ///
- /// [Output]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html#associatedtype.Output
- type Output;
-
- /// Invokes the callback with the given producer as argument. The
- /// key point of this trait is that this method is generic over
- /// `P`, and hence implementors must be defined for any producer.
- fn callback<P>(self, producer: P) -> Self::Output
- where
- P: Producer<Item = T>;
-}
-
-/// A `Producer` is effectively a "splittable `IntoIterator`". That
-/// is, a producer is a value which can be converted into an iterator
-/// at any time: at that point, it simply produces items on demand,
-/// like any iterator. But what makes a `Producer` special is that,
-/// *before* we convert to an iterator, we can also **split** it at a
-/// particular point using the `split_at` method. This will yield up
-/// two producers, one producing the items before that point, and one
-/// producing the items after that point (these two producers can then
-/// independently be split further, or be converted into iterators).
-/// In Rayon, this splitting is used to divide between threads.
-/// See [the `plumbing` README][r] for further details.
-///
-/// Note that each producer will always produce a fixed number of
-/// items N. However, this number N is not queryable through the API;
-/// the consumer is expected to track it.
-///
-/// NB. You might expect `Producer` to extend the `IntoIterator`
-/// trait. However, [rust-lang/rust#20671][20671] prevents us from
-/// declaring the DoubleEndedIterator and ExactSizeIterator
-/// constraints on a required IntoIterator trait, so we inline
-/// IntoIterator here until that issue is fixed.
-///
-/// [r]: https://github.com/rayon-rs/rayon/blob/master/src/iter/plumbing/README.md
-/// [20671]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/20671
-pub trait Producer: Send + Sized {
- /// The type of item that will be produced by this producer once
- /// it is converted into an iterator.
- type Item;
-
- /// The type of iterator we will become.
- type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item> + DoubleEndedIterator + ExactSizeIterator;
-
- /// Convert `self` into an iterator; at this point, no more parallel splits
- /// are possible.
- fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;
-
- /// The minimum number of items that we will process
- /// sequentially. Defaults to 1, which means that we will split
- /// all the way down to a single item. This can be raised higher
- /// using the [`with_min_len`] method, which will force us to
- /// create sequential tasks at a larger granularity. Note that
- /// Rayon automatically normally attempts to adjust the size of
- /// parallel splits to reduce overhead, so this should not be
- /// needed.
- ///
- /// [`with_min_len`]: ../trait.IndexedParallelIterator.html#method.with_min_len
- fn min_len(&self) -> usize {
- 1
- }
-
- /// The maximum number of items that we will process
- /// sequentially. Defaults to MAX, which means that we can choose
- /// not to split at all. This can be lowered using the
- /// [`with_max_len`] method, which will force us to create more
- /// parallel tasks. Note that Rayon automatically normally
- /// attempts to adjust the size of parallel splits to reduce
- /// overhead, so this should not be needed.
- ///
- /// [`with_max_len`]: ../trait.IndexedParallelIterator.html#method.with_max_len
- fn max_len(&self) -> usize {
- usize::MAX
- }
-
- /// Split into two producers; one produces items `0..index`, the
- /// other `index..N`. Index must be less than or equal to `N`.
- fn split_at(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self);
-
- /// Iterate the producer, feeding each element to `folder`, and
- /// stop when the folder is full (or all elements have been consumed).
- ///
- /// The provided implementation is sufficient for most iterables.
- fn fold_with<F>(self, folder: F) -> F
- where
- F: Folder<Self::Item>,
- {
- folder.consume_iter(self.into_iter())
- }
-}
-
-/// A consumer is effectively a [generalized "fold" operation][fold],
-/// and in fact each consumer will eventually be converted into a
-/// [`Folder`]. What makes a consumer special is that, like a
-/// [`Producer`], it can be **split** into multiple consumers using
-/// the `split_at` method. When a consumer is split, it produces two
-/// consumers, as well as a **reducer**. The two consumers can be fed
-/// items independently, and when they are done the reducer is used to
-/// combine their two results into one. See [the `plumbing`
-/// README][r] for further details.
-///
-/// [r]: https://github.com/rayon-rs/rayon/blob/master/src/iter/plumbing/README.md
-/// [fold]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.fold
-/// [`Folder`]: trait.Folder.html
-/// [`Producer`]: trait.Producer.html
-pub trait Consumer<Item>: Send + Sized {
- /// The type of folder that this consumer can be converted into.
- type Folder: Folder<Item, Result = Self::Result>;
-
- /// The type of reducer that is produced if this consumer is split.
- type Reducer: Reducer<Self::Result>;
-
- /// The type of result that this consumer will ultimately produce.
- type Result: Send;
-
- /// Divide the consumer into two consumers, one processing items
- /// `0..index` and one processing items from `index..`. Also
- /// produces a reducer that can be used to reduce the results at
- /// the end.
- fn split_at(self, index: usize) -> (Self, Self, Self::Reducer);
-
- /// Convert the consumer into a folder that can consume items
- /// sequentially, eventually producing a final result.
- fn into_folder(self) -> Self::Folder;
-
- /// Hint whether this `Consumer` would like to stop processing
- /// further items, e.g. if a search has been completed.
- fn full(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
-/// The `Folder` trait encapsulates [the standard fold
-/// operation][fold]. It can be fed many items using the `consume`
-/// method. At the end, once all items have been consumed, it can then
-/// be converted (using `complete`) into a final value.
-///
-/// [fold]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.fold
-pub trait Folder<Item>: Sized {
- /// The type of result that will ultimately be produced by the folder.
- type Result;
-
- /// Consume next item and return new sequential state.
- fn consume(self, item: Item) -> Self;
-
- /// Consume items from the iterator until full, and return new sequential state.
- ///
- /// This method is **optional**. The default simply iterates over
- /// `iter`, invoking `consume` and checking after each iteration
- /// whether `full` returns false.
- ///
- /// The main reason to override it is if you can provide a more
- /// specialized, efficient implementation.
- fn consume_iter<I>(mut self, iter: I) -> Self
- where
- I: IntoIterator<Item = Item>,
- {
- for item in iter {
- self = self.consume(item);
- if self.full() {
- break;
- }
- }
- self
- }
-
- /// Finish consuming items, produce final result.
- fn complete(self) -> Self::Result;
-
- /// Hint whether this `Folder` would like to stop processing
- /// further items, e.g. if a search has been completed.
- fn full(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
-/// The reducer is the final step of a `Consumer` -- after a consumer
-/// has been split into two parts, and each of those parts has been
-/// fully processed, we are left with two results. The reducer is then
-/// used to combine those two results into one. See [the `plumbing`
-/// README][r] for further details.
-///
-/// [r]: https://github.com/rayon-rs/rayon/blob/master/src/iter/plumbing/README.md
-pub trait Reducer<Result> {
- /// Reduce two final results into one; this is executed after a
- /// split.
- fn reduce(self, left: Result, right: Result) -> Result;
-}
-
-/// A stateless consumer can be freely copied. These consumers can be
-/// used like regular consumers, but they also support a
-/// `split_off_left` method that does not take an index to split, but
-/// simply splits at some arbitrary point (`for_each`, for example,
-/// produces an unindexed consumer).
-pub trait UnindexedConsumer<I>: Consumer<I> {
- /// Splits off a "left" consumer and returns it. The `self`
- /// consumer should then be used to consume the "right" portion of
- /// the data. (The ordering matters for methods like find_first --
- /// values produced by the returned value are given precedence
- /// over values produced by `self`.) Once the left and right
- /// halves have been fully consumed, you should reduce the results
- /// with the result of `to_reducer`.
- fn split_off_left(&self) -> Self;
-
- /// Creates a reducer that can be used to combine the results from
- /// a split consumer.
- fn to_reducer(&self) -> Self::Reducer;
-}
-
-/// A variant on `Producer` which does not know its exact length or
-/// cannot represent it in a `usize`. These producers act like
-/// ordinary producers except that they cannot be told to split at a
-/// particular point. Instead, you just ask them to split 'somewhere'.
-///
-/// (In principle, `Producer` could extend this trait; however, it
-/// does not because to do so would require producers to carry their
-/// own length with them.)
-pub trait UnindexedProducer: Send + Sized {
- /// The type of item returned by this producer.
- type Item;
-
- /// Split midway into a new producer if possible, otherwise return `None`.
- fn split(self) -> (Self, Option<Self>);
-
- /// Iterate the producer, feeding each element to `folder`, and
- /// stop when the folder is full (or all elements have been consumed).
- fn fold_with<F>(self, folder: F) -> F
- where
- F: Folder<Self::Item>;
-}
-
-/// A splitter controls the policy for splitting into smaller work items.
-///
-/// Thief-splitting is an adaptive policy that starts by splitting into
-/// enough jobs for every worker thread, and then resets itself whenever a
-/// job is actually stolen into a different thread.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-struct Splitter {
- /// The `splits` tell us approximately how many remaining times we'd
- /// like to split this job. We always just divide it by two though, so
- /// the effective number of pieces will be `next_power_of_two()`.
- splits: usize,
-}
-
-impl Splitter {
- #[inline]
- fn new() -> Splitter {
- Splitter {
- splits: crate::current_num_threads(),
- }
- }
-
- #[inline]
- fn try_split(&mut self, stolen: bool) -> bool {
- let Splitter { splits } = *self;
-
- if stolen {
- // This job was stolen! Reset the number of desired splits to the
- // thread count, if that's more than we had remaining anyway.
- self.splits = cmp::max(crate::current_num_threads(), self.splits / 2);
- true
- } else if splits > 0 {
- // We have splits remaining, make it so.
- self.splits /= 2;
- true
- } else {
- // Not stolen, and no more splits -- we're done!
- false
- }
- }
-}
-
-/// The length splitter is built on thief-splitting, but additionally takes
-/// into account the remaining length of the iterator.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-struct LengthSplitter {
- inner: Splitter,
-
- /// The smallest we're willing to divide into. Usually this is just 1,
- /// but you can choose a larger working size with `with_min_len()`.
- min: usize,
-}
-
-impl LengthSplitter {
- /// Creates a new splitter based on lengths.
- ///
- /// The `min` is a hard lower bound. We'll never split below that, but
- /// of course an iterator might start out smaller already.
- ///
- /// The `max` is an upper bound on the working size, used to determine
- /// the minimum number of times we need to split to get under that limit.
- /// The adaptive algorithm may very well split even further, but never
- /// smaller than the `min`.
- #[inline]
- fn new(min: usize, max: usize, len: usize) -> LengthSplitter {
- let mut splitter = LengthSplitter {
- inner: Splitter::new(),
- min: cmp::max(min, 1),
- };
-
- // Divide the given length by the max working length to get the minimum
- // number of splits we need to get under that max. This rounds down,
- // but the splitter actually gives `next_power_of_two()` pieces anyway.
- // e.g. len 12345 / max 100 = 123 min_splits -> 128 pieces.
- let min_splits = len / cmp::max(max, 1);
-
- // Only update the value if it's not splitting enough already.
- if min_splits > splitter.inner.splits {
- splitter.inner.splits = min_splits;
- }
-
- splitter
- }
-
- #[inline]
- fn try_split(&mut self, len: usize, stolen: bool) -> bool {
- // If splitting wouldn't make us too small, try the inner splitter.
- len / 2 >= self.min && self.inner.try_split(stolen)
- }
-}
-
-/// This helper function is used to "connect" a parallel iterator to a
-/// consumer. It will convert the `par_iter` into a producer P and
-/// then pull items from P and feed them to `consumer`, splitting and
-/// creating parallel threads as needed.
-///
-/// This is useful when you are implementing your own parallel
-/// iterators: it is often used as the definition of the
-/// [`drive_unindexed`] or [`drive`] methods.
-///
-/// [`drive_unindexed`]: ../trait.ParallelIterator.html#tymethod.drive_unindexed
-/// [`drive`]: ../trait.IndexedParallelIterator.html#tymethod.drive
-pub fn bridge<I, C>(par_iter: I, consumer: C) -> C::Result
-where
- I: IndexedParallelIterator,
- C: Consumer<I::Item>,
-{
- let len = par_iter.len();
- return par_iter.with_producer(Callback { len, consumer });
-
- struct Callback<C> {
- len: usize,
- consumer: C,
- }
-
- impl<C, I> ProducerCallback<I> for Callback<C>
- where
- C: Consumer<I>,
- {
- type Output = C::Result;
- fn callback<P>(self, producer: P) -> C::Result
- where
- P: Producer<Item = I>,
- {
- bridge_producer_consumer(self.len, producer, self.consumer)
- }
- }
-}
-
-/// This helper function is used to "connect" a producer and a
-/// consumer. You may prefer to call [`bridge`], which wraps this
-/// function. This function will draw items from `producer` and feed
-/// them to `consumer`, splitting and creating parallel tasks when
-/// needed.
-///
-/// This is useful when you are implementing your own parallel
-/// iterators: it is often used as the definition of the
-/// [`drive_unindexed`] or [`drive`] methods.
-///
-/// [`bridge`]: fn.bridge.html
-/// [`drive_unindexed`]: ../trait.ParallelIterator.html#tymethod.drive_unindexed
-/// [`drive`]: ../trait.IndexedParallelIterator.html#tymethod.drive
-pub fn bridge_producer_consumer<P, C>(len: usize, producer: P, consumer: C) -> C::Result
-where
- P: Producer,
- C: Consumer<P::Item>,
-{
- let splitter = LengthSplitter::new(producer.min_len(), producer.max_len(), len);
- return helper(len, false, splitter, producer, consumer);
-
- fn helper<P, C>(
- len: usize,
- migrated: bool,
- mut splitter: LengthSplitter,
- producer: P,
- consumer: C,
- ) -> C::Result
- where
- P: Producer,
- C: Consumer<P::Item>,
- {
- if consumer.full() {
- consumer.into_folder().complete()
- } else if splitter.try_split(len, migrated) {
- let mid = len / 2;
- let (left_producer, right_producer) = producer.split_at(mid);
- let (left_consumer, right_consumer, reducer) = consumer.split_at(mid);
- let (left_result, right_result) = join_context(
- |context| {
- helper(
- mid,
- context.migrated(),
- splitter,
- left_producer,
- left_consumer,
- )
- },
- |context| {
- helper(
- len - mid,
- context.migrated(),
- splitter,
- right_producer,
- right_consumer,
- )
- },
- );
- reducer.reduce(left_result, right_result)
- } else {
- producer.fold_with(consumer.into_folder()).complete()
- }
- }
-}
-
-/// A variant of [`bridge_producer_consumer`] where the producer is an unindexed producer.
-///
-/// [`bridge_producer_consumer`]: fn.bridge_producer_consumer.html
-pub fn bridge_unindexed<P, C>(producer: P, consumer: C) -> C::Result
-where
- P: UnindexedProducer,
- C: UnindexedConsumer<P::Item>,
-{
- let splitter = Splitter::new();
- bridge_unindexed_producer_consumer(false, splitter, producer, consumer)
-}
-
-fn bridge_unindexed_producer_consumer<P, C>(
- migrated: bool,
- mut splitter: Splitter,
- producer: P,
- consumer: C,
-) -> C::Result
-where
- P: UnindexedProducer,
- C: UnindexedConsumer<P::Item>,
-{
- if consumer.full() {
- consumer.into_folder().complete()
- } else if splitter.try_split(migrated) {
- match producer.split() {
- (left_producer, Some(right_producer)) => {
- let (reducer, left_consumer, right_consumer) =
- (consumer.to_reducer(), consumer.split_off_left(), consumer);
- let bridge = bridge_unindexed_producer_consumer;
- let (left_result, right_result) = join_context(
- |context| bridge(context.migrated(), splitter, left_producer, left_consumer),
- |context| bridge(context.migrated(), splitter, right_producer, right_consumer),
- );
- reducer.reduce(left_result, right_result)
- }
- (producer, None) => producer.fold_with(consumer.into_folder()).complete(),
- }
- } else {
- producer.fold_with(consumer.into_folder()).complete()
- }
-}