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+//! The libc backend.
+//!
+//! On most platforms, this uses the `libc` crate to make system calls. On
+//! Windows, this uses the Winsock API in `windows-sys`, which can be adapted
+//! to have a very `libc`-like interface.
+
+// Every FFI call requires an unsafe block, and there are a lot of FFI
+// calls. For now, set this to allow for the libc backend.
+#![allow(clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks)]
+// Lots of libc types vary between platforms, so we often need a `.into()` on
+// one platform where it's redundant on another.
+#![allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
+
+mod conv;
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub(crate) mod fd {
+ pub use crate::maybe_polyfill::os::windows::io::{
+ AsRawSocket, AsSocket, BorrowedSocket as BorrowedFd, FromRawSocket, IntoRawSocket,
+ OwnedSocket as OwnedFd, RawSocket as RawFd,
+ };
+ pub(crate) use windows_sys::Win32::Networking::WinSock::SOCKET as LibcFd;
+
+ /// A version of [`AsRawFd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.AsRawFd.html
+ pub trait AsRawFd {
+ /// A version of [`as_raw_fd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// [`as_raw_fd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.FromRawFd.html#tymethod.as_raw_fd
+ fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd;
+ }
+ impl<T: AsRawSocket> AsRawFd for T {
+ #[inline]
+ fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
+ self.as_raw_socket()
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// A version of [`IntoRawFd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// [`IntoRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.IntoRawFd.html
+ pub trait IntoRawFd {
+ /// A version of [`into_raw_fd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// [`into_raw_fd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.FromRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
+ fn into_raw_fd(self) -> RawFd;
+ }
+ impl<T: IntoRawSocket> IntoRawFd for T {
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_raw_fd(self) -> RawFd {
+ self.into_raw_socket()
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// A version of [`FromRawFd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.FromRawFd.html
+ pub trait FromRawFd {
+ /// A version of [`from_raw_fd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// # Safety
+ ///
+ /// See the [safety requirements] for [`from_raw_fd`].
+ ///
+ /// [`from_raw_fd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.FromRawFd.html#tymethod.from_raw_fd
+ /// [safety requirements]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.FromRawFd.html#safety
+ unsafe fn from_raw_fd(raw_fd: RawFd) -> Self;
+ }
+ impl<T: FromRawSocket> FromRawFd for T {
+ #[inline]
+ unsafe fn from_raw_fd(raw_fd: RawFd) -> Self {
+ Self::from_raw_socket(raw_fd)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// A version of [`AsFd`] for use with Winsock API.
+ ///
+ /// [`AsFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.AsFd.html
+ pub trait AsFd {
+ /// An `as_fd` function for Winsock, where a `Fd` is a `Socket`.
+ fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd;
+ }
+ impl<T: AsSocket> AsFd for T {
+ #[inline]
+ fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd {
+ self.as_socket()
+ }
+ }
+}
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+pub(crate) mod fd {
+ pub use crate::maybe_polyfill::os::fd::{
+ AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, FromRawFd, IntoRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd,
+ };
+ #[allow(unused_imports)]
+ pub(crate) use RawFd as LibcFd;
+}
+
+// On Windows we emulate selected libc-compatible interfaces. On non-Windows,
+// we just use libc here, since this is the libc backend.
+#[cfg_attr(windows, path = "winsock_c.rs")]
+pub(crate) mod c;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "event")]
+pub(crate) mod event;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(feature = "fs")]
+pub(crate) mod fs;
+pub(crate) mod io;
+#[cfg(linux_kernel)]
+#[cfg(feature = "io_uring")]
+pub(crate) mod io_uring;
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "espidf", target_os = "vita", target_os = "wasi")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "mm")]
+pub(crate) mod mm;
+#[cfg(linux_kernel)]
+#[cfg(feature = "mount")]
+pub(crate) mod mount;
+#[cfg(linux_kernel)]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "fs", not(feature = "mount")))]
+pub(crate) mod mount; // for deprecated mount functions in "fs"
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "net")]
+pub(crate) mod net;
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "espidf")))]
+#[cfg(any(
+ feature = "param",
+ feature = "runtime",
+ feature = "time",
+ target_arch = "x86",
+))]
+pub(crate) mod param;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(feature = "pipe")]
+pub(crate) mod pipe;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(feature = "process")]
+pub(crate) mod process;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "pty")]
+pub(crate) mod pty;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+pub(crate) mod rand;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "system")]
+pub(crate) mod system;
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "vita")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "termios")]
+pub(crate) mod termios;
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[cfg(feature = "thread")]
+pub(crate) mod thread;
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "espidf")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "time")]
+pub(crate) mod time;
+
+/// If the host libc is glibc, return `true` if it is less than version 2.25.
+///
+/// To restate and clarify, this function returning true does not mean the libc
+/// is glibc just that if it is glibc, it is less than version 2.25.
+///
+/// For now, this function is only available on Linux, but if it ends up being
+/// used beyond that, this could be changed to e.g. `#[cfg(unix)]`.
+#[cfg(all(unix, target_env = "gnu"))]
+pub(crate) fn if_glibc_is_less_than_2_25() -> bool {
+ // This is also defined inside `weak_or_syscall!` in
+ // backend/libc/rand/syscalls.rs, but it's not convenient to re-export the
+ // weak symbol from that macro, so we duplicate it at a small cost here.
+ weak! { fn getrandom(*mut c::c_void, c::size_t, c::c_uint) -> c::ssize_t }
+
+ // glibc 2.25 has `getrandom`, which is how we satisfy the API contract of
+ // this function. But, there are likely other libc versions which have it.
+ getrandom.get().is_none()
+}
+
+// Private modules used by multiple public modules.
+#[cfg(any(feature = "procfs", feature = "process", feature = "runtime"))]
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
+pub(crate) mod pid;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "process", feature = "thread"))]
+#[cfg(linux_kernel)]
+pub(crate) mod prctl;
+#[cfg(not(any(
+ windows,
+ target_os = "android",
+ target_os = "espidf",
+ target_os = "vita",
+ target_os = "wasi"
+)))]
+#[cfg(feature = "shm")]
+pub(crate) mod shm;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "fs", feature = "thread", feature = "process"))]
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
+pub(crate) mod ugid;
+
+#[cfg(bsd)]
+const MAX_IOV: usize = c::IOV_MAX as usize;
+
+#[cfg(any(linux_kernel, target_os = "emscripten", target_os = "nto"))]
+const MAX_IOV: usize = c::UIO_MAXIOV as usize;
+
+#[cfg(not(any(
+ bsd,
+ linux_kernel,
+ windows,
+ target_os = "emscripten",
+ target_os = "espidf",
+ target_os = "nto",
+ target_os = "horizon",
+)))]
+const MAX_IOV: usize = 16; // The minimum value required by POSIX.