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+//! Functions which duplicate file descriptors.
+
+use crate::fd::OwnedFd;
+use crate::{backend, io};
+use backend::fd::AsFd;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
+pub use backend::io::types::DupFlags;
+
+/// `dup(fd)`—Creates a new `OwnedFd` instance that shares the same
+/// underlying [file description] as `fd`.
+///
+/// This function does not set the `O_CLOEXEC` flag. To do a `dup` that does
+/// set `O_CLOEXEC`, use [`fcntl_dupfd_cloexec`].
+///
+/// POSIX guarantees that `dup` will use the lowest unused file descriptor,
+/// however it is not safe in general to rely on this, as file descriptors may
+/// be unexpectedly allocated on other threads or in libraries.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [file description]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap03.html#tag_03_258
+/// [`fcntl_dupfd_cloexec`]: crate::io::fcntl_dupfd_cloexec
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/dup.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/dup.2.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dup&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/dup.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/dup.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=dup&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/2/dup
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Duplicating-Descriptors.html
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn dup<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
+ backend::io::syscalls::dup(fd.as_fd())
+}
+
+/// `dup2(fd, new)`—Changes the [file description] of a file descriptor.
+///
+/// `dup2` conceptually closes `new` and then sets the file description for
+/// `new` to be the same as the one for `fd`. This is a very unusual operation,
+/// and should only be used on file descriptors where you know how `new` will
+/// be subsequently used.
+///
+/// This function does not set the `O_CLOEXEC` flag. To do a `dup2` that does
+/// set `O_CLOEXEC`, use [`dup3`] with [`DupFlags::CLOEXEC`] on platforms which
+/// support it, or [`fcntl_dupfd_cloexec`]
+///
+/// For `dup2` to stdin, stdout, and stderr, see [`stdio::dup2_stdin`],
+/// [`stdio::dup2_stdout`], and [`stdio::dup2_stderr`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [file description]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap03.html#tag_03_258
+/// [`fcntl_dupfd_cloexec`]: crate::io::fcntl_dupfd_cloexec
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/dup2.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup2.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/dup2.2.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dup2&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/dup2.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/dup2.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=dup2&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/2/dup
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Duplicating-Descriptors.html
+/// [`stdio::dup2_stdin`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/stdio/fn.dup2_stdin.html
+/// [`stdio::dup2_stdout`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/stdio/fn.dup2_stdout.html
+/// [`stdio::dup2_stderr`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/stdio/fn.dup2_stderr.html
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn dup2<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd, new: &mut OwnedFd) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::io::syscalls::dup2(fd.as_fd(), new)
+}
+
+/// `dup3(fd, new, flags)`—Changes the [file description] of a file
+/// descriptor, with flags.
+///
+/// `dup3` is the same as [`dup2`] but adds an additional flags operand, and it
+/// fails in the case that `fd` and `new` have the same file descriptor value.
+/// This additional difference is the reason this function isn't named
+/// `dup2_with`.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+///
+/// [file description]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap03.html#tag_03_258
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup3.2.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dup3&sektion=3
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/dup3.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/dup3.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=dup3&section=3
+#[cfg(not(any(
+ target_os = "aix",
+ target_os = "espidf",
+ target_os = "nto",
+ target_os = "vita",
+ target_os = "wasi"
+)))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn dup3<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd, new: &mut OwnedFd, flags: DupFlags) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::io::syscalls::dup3(fd.as_fd(), new, flags)
+}