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-//! Unsafe `ioctl` API.
-//!
-//! Unix systems expose a number of `ioctl`'s. `ioctl`s have been adopted as a
-//! general purpose system call for making calls into the kernel. In addition
-//! to the wide variety of system calls that are included by default in the
-//! kernel, many drivers expose their own `ioctl`'s for controlling their
-//! behavior, some of which are proprietary. Therefore it is impossible to make
-//! a safe interface for every `ioctl` call, as they all have wildly varying
-//! semantics.
-//!
-//! This module provides an unsafe interface to write your own `ioctl` API. To
-//! start, create a type that implements [`Ioctl`]. Then, pass it to [`ioctl`]
-//! to make the `ioctl` call.
-
-#![allow(unsafe_code)]
-
-use crate::backend::c;
-use crate::fd::{AsFd, BorrowedFd};
-use crate::io::Result;
-
-#[cfg(any(linux_kernel, bsd))]
-use core::mem;
-
-pub use patterns::*;
-
-mod patterns;
-
-#[cfg(linux_kernel)]
-mod linux;
-
-#[cfg(bsd)]
-mod bsd;
-
-#[cfg(linux_kernel)]
-use linux as platform;
-
-#[cfg(bsd)]
-use bsd as platform;
-
-/// Perform an `ioctl` call.
-///
-/// `ioctl` was originally intended to act as a way of modifying the behavior
-/// of files, but has since been adopted as a general purpose system call for
-/// making calls into the kernel. In addition to the default calls exposed by
-/// generic file descriptors, many drivers expose their own `ioctl` calls for
-/// controlling their behavior, some of which are proprietary.
-///
-/// This crate exposes many other `ioctl` interfaces with safe and idiomatic
-/// wrappers, like [`ioctl_fionbio`] and [`ioctl_fionread`]. It is recommended
-/// to use those instead of this function, as they are safer and more
-/// idiomatic. For other cases, implement the [`Ioctl`] API and pass it to this
-/// function.
-///
-/// See documentation for [`Ioctl`] for more information.
-///
-/// [`ioctl_fionbio`]: crate::io::ioctl_fionbio
-/// [`ioctl_fionread`]: crate::io::ioctl_fionread
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// While [`Ioctl`] takes much of the unsafety out of `ioctl` calls, it is
-/// still unsafe to call this code with arbitrary device drivers, as it is up
-/// to the device driver to implement the `ioctl` call correctly. It is on the
-/// onus of the protocol between the user and the driver to ensure that the
-/// `ioctl` call is safe to make.
-///
-/// # References
-/// - [Linux]
-/// - [Winsock]
-/// - [FreeBSD]
-/// - [NetBSD]
-/// - [OpenBSD]
-/// - [Apple]
-/// - [Solaris]
-/// - [illumos]
-///
-/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ioctl.2.html
-/// [Winsock]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-ioctlsocket
-/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2
-/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/ioctl.2
-/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/ioctl.2
-/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/ioctl.2.html
-/// [Solaris]: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/821-1463/ioctl-2.html
-/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/2/ioctl
-#[inline]
-pub unsafe fn ioctl<F: AsFd, I: Ioctl>(fd: F, mut ioctl: I) -> Result<I::Output> {
- let fd = fd.as_fd();
- let request = I::OPCODE.raw();
- let arg = ioctl.as_ptr();
-
- // SAFETY: The variant of `Ioctl` asserts that this is a valid IOCTL call
- // to make.
- let output = if I::IS_MUTATING {
- _ioctl(fd, request, arg)?
- } else {
- _ioctl_readonly(fd, request, arg)?
- };
-
- // SAFETY: The variant of `Ioctl` asserts that this is a valid pointer to
- // the output data.
- I::output_from_ptr(output, arg)
-}
-
-unsafe fn _ioctl(
- fd: BorrowedFd<'_>,
- request: RawOpcode,
- arg: *mut c::c_void,
-) -> Result<IoctlOutput> {
- crate::backend::io::syscalls::ioctl(fd, request, arg)
-}
-
-unsafe fn _ioctl_readonly(
- fd: BorrowedFd<'_>,
- request: RawOpcode,
- arg: *mut c::c_void,
-) -> Result<IoctlOutput> {
- crate::backend::io::syscalls::ioctl_readonly(fd, request, arg)
-}
-
-/// A trait defining the properties of an `ioctl` command.
-///
-/// Objects implementing this trait can be passed to [`ioctl`] to make an
-/// `ioctl` call. The contents of the object represent the inputs to the
-/// `ioctl` call. The inputs must be convertible to a pointer through the
-/// `as_ptr` method. In most cases, this involves either casting a number to a
-/// pointer, or creating a pointer to the actual data. The latter case is
-/// necessary for `ioctl` calls that modify userspace data.
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This trait is unsafe to implement because it is impossible to guarantee
-/// that the `ioctl` call is safe. The `ioctl` call may be proprietary, or it
-/// may be unsafe to call in certain circumstances.
-///
-/// By implementing this trait, you guarantee that:
-///
-/// - The `ioctl` call expects the input provided by `as_ptr` and produces the
-/// output as indicated by `output`.
-/// - That `output_from_ptr` can safely take the pointer from `as_ptr` and cast
-/// it to the correct type, *only* after the `ioctl` call.
-/// - That `OPCODE` uniquely identifies the `ioctl` call.
-/// - That, for whatever platforms you are targeting, the `ioctl` call is safe
-/// to make.
-/// - If `IS_MUTATING` is false, that no userspace data will be modified by the
-/// `ioctl` call.
-pub unsafe trait Ioctl {
- /// The type of the output data.
- ///
- /// Given a pointer, one should be able to construct an instance of this
- /// type.
- type Output;
-
- /// The opcode used by this `ioctl` command.
- ///
- /// There are different types of opcode depending on the operation. See
- /// documentation for the [`Opcode`] struct for more information.
- const OPCODE: Opcode;
-
- /// Does the `ioctl` mutate any data in the userspace?
- ///
- /// If the `ioctl` call does not mutate any data in the userspace, then
- /// making this `false` enables optimizations that can make the call
- /// faster. When in doubt, set this to `true`.
- ///
- /// # Safety
- ///
- /// This should only be set to `false` if the `ioctl` call does not mutate
- /// any data in the userspace. Undefined behavior may occur if this is set
- /// to `false` when it should be `true`.
- const IS_MUTATING: bool;
-
- /// Get a pointer to the data to be passed to the `ioctl` command.
- ///
- /// See trait-level documentation for more information.
- fn as_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut c::c_void;
-
- /// Cast the output data to the correct type.
- ///
- /// # Safety
- ///
- /// The `extract_output` value must be the resulting value after a
- /// successful `ioctl` call, and `out` is the direct return value of an
- /// `ioctl` call that did not fail. In this case `extract_output` is the
- /// pointer that was passed to the `ioctl` call.
- unsafe fn output_from_ptr(
- out: IoctlOutput,
- extract_output: *mut c::c_void,
- ) -> Result<Self::Output>;
-}
-
-/// The opcode used by an `Ioctl`.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct Opcode {
- /// The raw opcode.
- raw: RawOpcode,
-}
-
-impl Opcode {
- /// Create a new old `Opcode` from a raw opcode.
- ///
- /// Rather than being a composition of several attributes, old opcodes are
- /// just numbers. In general most drivers follow stricter conventions, but
- /// older drivers may still use this strategy.
- #[inline]
- pub const fn old(raw: RawOpcode) -> Self {
- Self { raw }
- }
-
- /// Create a new opcode from a direction, group, number, and size.
- ///
- /// This corresponds to the C macro `_IOC(direction, group, number, size)`
- #[cfg(any(linux_kernel, bsd))]
- #[inline]
- pub const fn from_components(
- direction: Direction,
- group: u8,
- number: u8,
- data_size: usize,
- ) -> Self {
- if data_size > RawOpcode::MAX as usize {
- panic!("data size is too large");
- }
-
- Self::old(platform::compose_opcode(
- direction,
- group as RawOpcode,
- number as RawOpcode,
- data_size as RawOpcode,
- ))
- }
-
- /// Create a new non-mutating opcode from a group, a number, and the type
- /// of data.
- ///
- /// This corresponds to the C macro `_IO(group, number)` when `T` is zero
- /// sized.
- #[cfg(any(linux_kernel, bsd))]
- #[inline]
- pub const fn none<T>(group: u8, number: u8) -> Self {
- Self::from_components(Direction::None, group, number, mem::size_of::<T>())
- }
-
- /// Create a new reading opcode from a group, a number and the type of
- /// data.
- ///
- /// This corresponds to the C macro `_IOR(group, number, T)`.
- #[cfg(any(linux_kernel, bsd))]
- #[inline]
- pub const fn read<T>(group: u8, number: u8) -> Self {
- Self::from_components(Direction::Read, group, number, mem::size_of::<T>())
- }
-
- /// Create a new writing opcode from a group, a number and the type of
- /// data.
- ///
- /// This corresponds to the C macro `_IOW(group, number, T)`.
- #[cfg(any(linux_kernel, bsd))]
- #[inline]
- pub const fn write<T>(group: u8, number: u8) -> Self {
- Self::from_components(Direction::Write, group, number, mem::size_of::<T>())
- }
-
- /// Create a new reading and writing opcode from a group, a number and the
- /// type of data.
- ///
- /// This corresponds to the C macro `_IOWR(group, number, T)`.
- #[cfg(any(linux_kernel, bsd))]
- #[inline]
- pub const fn read_write<T>(group: u8, number: u8) -> Self {
- Self::from_components(Direction::ReadWrite, group, number, mem::size_of::<T>())
- }
-
- /// Get the raw opcode.
- #[inline]
- pub fn raw(self) -> RawOpcode {
- self.raw
- }
-}
-
-/// The direction that an `ioctl` is going.
-///
-/// Note that this is relative to userspace. `Read` means reading data from the
-/// kernel, and write means the kernel writing data to userspace.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub enum Direction {
- /// None of the above.
- None,
-
- /// Read data from the kernel.
- Read,
-
- /// Write data to the kernel.
- Write,
-
- /// Read and write data to the kernel.
- ReadWrite,
-}
-
-/// The type used by the `ioctl` to signify the output.
-pub type IoctlOutput = c::c_int;
-
-/// The type used by the `ioctl` to signify the command.
-pub type RawOpcode = _RawOpcode;
-
-// Under raw Linux, this is an `unsigned int`.
-#[cfg(linux_raw)]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_uint;
-
-// On libc Linux with GNU libc or uclibc, this is an `unsigned long`.
-#[cfg(all(
- not(linux_raw),
- target_os = "linux",
- any(target_env = "gnu", target_env = "uclibc")
-))]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_ulong;
-
-// Musl uses `c_int`.
-#[cfg(all(
- not(linux_raw),
- target_os = "linux",
- not(target_env = "gnu"),
- not(target_env = "uclibc")
-))]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_int;
-
-// Android uses `c_int`.
-#[cfg(all(not(linux_raw), target_os = "android"))]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_int;
-
-// BSD, Haiku, Hurd, Redox, and Vita use `unsigned long`.
-#[cfg(any(
- bsd,
- target_os = "redox",
- target_os = "haiku",
- target_os = "hurd",
- target_os = "vita"
-))]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_ulong;
-
-// AIX, Emscripten, Fuchsia, Solaris, and WASI use a `int`.
-#[cfg(any(
- solarish,
- target_os = "aix",
- target_os = "fuchsia",
- target_os = "emscripten",
- target_os = "wasi",
- target_os = "nto"
-))]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_int;
-
-// ESP-IDF uses a `c_uint`.
-#[cfg(target_os = "espidf")]
-type _RawOpcode = c::c_uint;
-
-// Windows has `ioctlsocket`, which uses `i32`.
-#[cfg(windows)]
-type _RawOpcode = i32;