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+use crate::fd::OwnedFd;
+use crate::net::{SocketAddr, SocketAddrAny, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6};
+use crate::{backend, io};
+use backend::fd::{AsFd, BorrowedFd};
+
+pub use crate::net::{AddressFamily, Protocol, Shutdown, SocketFlags, SocketType};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use backend::net::addr::SocketAddrUnix;
+
+/// `socket(domain, type_, protocol)`—Creates a socket.
+///
+/// POSIX guarantees that `socket` will use the lowest unused file descriptor,
+/// however it is not safe in general to rely on this, as file descriptors may
+/// be unexpectedly allocated on other threads or in libraries.
+///
+/// To pass extra flags such as [`SocketFlags::CLOEXEC`] or
+/// [`SocketFlags::NONBLOCK`], use [`socket_with`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#socket
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/socket.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/socket.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/socket.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-socket
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=socket&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/socket.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/socket.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=socket&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/socket
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Creating-a-Socket.html
+#[inline]
+pub fn socket(
+ domain: AddressFamily,
+ type_: SocketType,
+ protocol: Option<Protocol>,
+) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::socket(domain, type_, protocol)
+}
+
+/// `socket_with(domain, type_ | flags, protocol)`—Creates a socket, with
+/// flags.
+///
+/// POSIX guarantees that `socket` will use the lowest unused file descriptor,
+/// however it is not safe in general to rely on this, as file descriptors may
+/// be unexpectedly allocated on other threads or in libraries.
+///
+/// `socket_with` is the same as [`socket`] but adds an additional flags
+/// operand.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#socket
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/socket.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/socket.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/socket.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-socket
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=socket&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/socket.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/socket.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=socket&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/socket
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Creating-a-Socket.html
+#[doc(alias("socket"))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn socket_with(
+ domain: AddressFamily,
+ type_: SocketType,
+ flags: SocketFlags,
+ protocol: Option<Protocol>,
+) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::socket_with(domain, type_, flags, protocol)
+}
+
+/// `bind(sockfd, addr)`—Binds a socket to an IP address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#bind
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-bind
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=bind&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/bind
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Setting-Address.html
+pub fn bind<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
+ _bind(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+fn _bind(sockfd: BorrowedFd<'_>, addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
+ match addr {
+ SocketAddr::V4(v4) => backend::net::syscalls::bind_v4(sockfd, v4),
+ SocketAddr::V6(v6) => backend::net::syscalls::bind_v6(sockfd, v6),
+ }
+}
+
+/// `bind(sockfd, addr)`—Binds a socket to an address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#bind
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-bind
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=bind&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/bind
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Setting-Address.html
+#[doc(alias = "bind")]
+pub fn bind_any<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrAny) -> io::Result<()> {
+ _bind_any(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+fn _bind_any(sockfd: BorrowedFd<'_>, addr: &SocketAddrAny) -> io::Result<()> {
+ match addr {
+ SocketAddrAny::V4(v4) => backend::net::syscalls::bind_v4(sockfd, v4),
+ SocketAddrAny::V6(v6) => backend::net::syscalls::bind_v6(sockfd, v6),
+ #[cfg(unix)]
+ SocketAddrAny::Unix(unix) => backend::net::syscalls::bind_unix(sockfd, unix),
+ }
+}
+
+/// `bind(sockfd, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))`—Binds a socket to an
+/// IPv4 address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#bind
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-bind
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=bind&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/bind
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Setting-Address.html
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "bind")]
+pub fn bind_v4<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrV4) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::bind_v4(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+/// `bind(sockfd, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))`—Binds a socket to an
+/// IPv6 address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#bind
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-bind
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=bind&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/bind
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Setting-Address.html
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "bind")]
+pub fn bind_v6<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrV6) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::bind_v6(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+/// `bind(sockfd, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un))`—Binds a socket to a
+/// Unix-domain address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#bind
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/bind.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/bind.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-bind
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bind&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/bind.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=bind&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/bind
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Setting-Address.html
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "bind")]
+pub fn bind_unix<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrUnix) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::bind_unix(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+/// `connect(sockfd, addr)`—Initiates a connection to an IP address.
+///
+/// On Windows, a non-blocking socket returns [`Errno::WOULDBLOCK`] if the
+/// connection cannot be completed immediately, rather than
+/// `Errno::INPROGRESS`.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#connect
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=connect&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/connect
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Connecting.html
+/// [`Errno::WOULDBLOCK`]: io::Errno::WOULDBLOCK
+pub fn connect<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
+ _connect(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+fn _connect(sockfd: BorrowedFd<'_>, addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
+ match addr {
+ SocketAddr::V4(v4) => backend::net::syscalls::connect_v4(sockfd, v4),
+ SocketAddr::V6(v6) => backend::net::syscalls::connect_v6(sockfd, v6),
+ }
+}
+
+/// `connect(sockfd, addr)`—Initiates a connection.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#connect
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=connect&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/connect
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Connecting.html
+#[doc(alias = "connect")]
+pub fn connect_any<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrAny) -> io::Result<()> {
+ _connect_any(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+fn _connect_any(sockfd: BorrowedFd<'_>, addr: &SocketAddrAny) -> io::Result<()> {
+ match addr {
+ SocketAddrAny::V4(v4) => backend::net::syscalls::connect_v4(sockfd, v4),
+ SocketAddrAny::V6(v6) => backend::net::syscalls::connect_v6(sockfd, v6),
+ #[cfg(unix)]
+ SocketAddrAny::Unix(unix) => backend::net::syscalls::connect_unix(sockfd, unix),
+ }
+}
+
+/// `connect(sockfd, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))`—Initiates a
+/// connection to an IPv4 address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#connect
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=connect&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/connect
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Connecting.html
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "connect")]
+pub fn connect_v4<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrV4) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::connect_v4(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+/// `connect(sockfd, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))`—Initiates a
+/// connection to an IPv6 address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#connect
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=connect&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/connect
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Connecting.html
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "connect")]
+pub fn connect_v6<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrV6) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::connect_v6(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+/// `connect(sockfd, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un))`—Initiates a
+/// connection to a Unix-domain address.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#connect
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=connect&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/connect
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Connecting.html
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "connect")]
+pub fn connect_unix<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, addr: &SocketAddrUnix) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::connect_unix(sockfd.as_fd(), addr)
+}
+
+/// `connect(sockfd, {.sa_family = AF_UNSPEC}, sizeof(struct sockaddr))`
+/// — Dissolve the socket's association.
+///
+/// On UDP sockets, BSD platforms report [`Errno::AFNOSUPPORT`] or
+/// [`Errno::INVAL`] even if the disconnect was successful.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#connect
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/connect.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/connect.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-connect
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/connect.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=connect&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/connect
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Connecting.html
+/// [`Errno::AFNOSUPPORT`]: io::Errno::AFNOSUPPORT
+/// [`Errno::INVAL`]: io::Errno::INVAL
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "connect")]
+pub fn connect_unspec<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::connect_unspec(sockfd.as_fd())
+}
+
+/// `listen(fd, backlog)`—Enables listening for incoming connections.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#listen
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/listen.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/listen.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/listen.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-listen
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=listen&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/listen.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/listen.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=listen&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/listen
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Listening.html
+#[inline]
+pub fn listen<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, backlog: i32) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::listen(sockfd.as_fd(), backlog)
+}
+
+/// `accept(fd, NULL, NULL)`—Accepts an incoming connection.
+///
+/// Use [`acceptfrom`] to retrieve the peer address.
+///
+/// POSIX guarantees that `accept` will use the lowest unused file descriptor,
+/// however it is not safe in general to rely on this, as file descriptors may
+/// be unexpectedly allocated on other threads or in libraries.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#acceptthank-you-for-calling-port-3490.
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/accept.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/accept.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/accept.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-accept
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/accept.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/accept.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=accept&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/accept
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Accepting-Connections.html
+#[inline]
+pub fn accept<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::accept(sockfd.as_fd())
+}
+
+/// `accept4(fd, NULL, NULL, flags)`—Accepts an incoming connection, with
+/// flags.
+///
+/// Use [`acceptfrom_with`] to retrieve the peer address.
+///
+/// Even though POSIX guarantees that this will use the lowest unused file
+/// descriptor, it is not safe in general to rely on this, as file descriptors
+/// may be unexpectedly allocated on other threads or in libraries.
+///
+/// `accept_with` is the same as [`accept`] but adds an additional flags
+/// operand.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+///
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/accept4.2.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept4&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/accept4.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/accept4.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=accept4&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/accept4
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "accept4")]
+pub fn accept_with<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, flags: SocketFlags) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::accept_with(sockfd.as_fd(), flags)
+}
+
+/// `accept(fd, &addr, &len)`—Accepts an incoming connection and returns the
+/// peer address.
+///
+/// Use [`accept`] if the peer address isn't needed.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#acceptthank-you-for-calling-port-3490.
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/accept.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/accept.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/accept.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-accept
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/accept.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/accept.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=accept&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/accept
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Accepting-Connections.html
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "accept")]
+pub fn acceptfrom<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd) -> io::Result<(OwnedFd, Option<SocketAddrAny>)> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::acceptfrom(sockfd.as_fd())
+}
+
+/// `accept4(fd, &addr, &len, flags)`—Accepts an incoming connection and
+/// returns the peer address, with flags.
+///
+/// Use [`accept_with`] if the peer address isn't needed.
+///
+/// `acceptfrom_with` is the same as [`acceptfrom`] but adds an additional
+/// flags operand.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+///
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/accept4.2.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept4&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/accept4.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/accept4.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=accept4&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/accept4
+#[inline]
+#[doc(alias = "accept4")]
+pub fn acceptfrom_with<Fd: AsFd>(
+ sockfd: Fd,
+ flags: SocketFlags,
+) -> io::Result<(OwnedFd, Option<SocketAddrAny>)> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::acceptfrom_with(sockfd.as_fd(), flags)
+}
+
+/// `shutdown(fd, how)`—Closes the read and/or write sides of a stream.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#close-and-shutdownget-outta-my-face
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/shutdown.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/shutdown.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/shutdown.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-shutdown
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shutdown&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/shutdown.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/shutdown.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=shutdown&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/shutdown
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Closing-a-Socket.html
+#[inline]
+pub fn shutdown<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::shutdown(sockfd.as_fd(), how)
+}
+
+/// `getsockname(fd, addr, len)`—Returns the address a socket is bound to.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getsockname.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getsockname.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/getsockname.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-getsockname
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getsockname&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/getsockname.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/getsockname.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=getsockname&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/getsockname
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Reading-Address.html
+#[inline]
+pub fn getsockname<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd) -> io::Result<SocketAddrAny> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::getsockname(sockfd.as_fd())
+}
+
+/// `getpeername(fd, addr, len)`—Returns the address a socket is connected
+/// to.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [Apple]
+/// - [Winsock]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]: https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/html/split/system-calls-or-bust.html#getpeernamewho-are-you
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getpeername.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getpeername.2.html
+/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/getpeername.2.html
+/// [Winsock]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-getpeername
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getpeername&sektion=2
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/getpeername.2
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/getpeername.2
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=getpeername&section=2
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/3SOCKET/getpeername
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Who-is-Connected.html
+#[inline]
+pub fn getpeername<Fd: AsFd>(sockfd: Fd) -> io::Result<Option<SocketAddrAny>> {
+ backend::net::syscalls::getpeername(sockfd.as_fd())
+}