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+//! Functions returning the stdio file descriptors.
+//!
+//! # Safety
+//!
+//! These access the file descriptors by absolute index value, and nothing
+//! prevents them from being closed and reused. They should only be used in
+//! `main` or other situations where one is in control of the process'
+//! stdio streams.
+#![allow(unsafe_code)]
+
+use crate::backend;
+use crate::fd::OwnedFd;
+use backend::c;
+use backend::fd::{BorrowedFd, FromRawFd, RawFd};
+
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
+use {crate::io, backend::fd::AsFd, core::mem::forget};
+
+/// `STDIN_FILENO`—Standard input, borrowed.
+///
+/// In `std`-using configurations, this is a safe function, because the
+/// standard library already assumes that the stdin file descriptor is always
+/// valid. In `no_std` configurations, it is `unsafe`.
+///
+/// # Warning
+///
+/// This function allows reading directly from stdin without coordinating
+/// with the buffering performed by [`std::io::Stdin`], so it could cause
+/// corrupted input.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdin.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdin.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdin&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdin&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdin
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdin
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[doc(alias = "STDIN_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const fn stdin() -> BorrowedFd<'static> {
+ // SAFETY: When "std" is enabled, the standard library assumes that the
+ // stdio file descriptors are all valid.
+ unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(c::STDIN_FILENO as RawFd) }
+}
+
+/// `STDIN_FILENO`—Standard input, borrowed.
+///
+/// In `std`-using configurations, this is a safe function, because the
+/// standard library already assumes that the stdin file descriptor is always
+/// valid. In `no_std` configurations, it is `unsafe`.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// In `no_std` configurations, the stdin file descriptor can be closed,
+/// potentially on other threads, in which case the file descriptor index
+/// value could be dynamically reused for other purposes, potentially on
+/// different threads.
+///
+/// # Warning
+///
+/// This function allows reading directly from stdin without coordinating
+/// with the buffering performed by [`std::io::Stdin`], so it could cause
+/// corrupted input.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdin.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdin.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdin&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdin&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdin
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdin
+#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+#[doc(alias = "STDIN_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const unsafe fn stdin() -> BorrowedFd<'static> {
+ BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(c::STDIN_FILENO as RawFd)
+}
+
+/// `STDIN_FILENO`—Standard input, owned.
+///
+/// This is similar to [`stdin`], however it returns an `OwnedFd` which closes
+/// standard input when it is dropped.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// Safe `std`-using Rust code is permitted to assume that the stdin file
+/// descriptor is always valid. This function returns an `OwnedFd` which will
+/// close the stdin file descriptor when dropped.
+///
+/// # Warning
+///
+/// This has the same hazards as [`stdin`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdin.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdin.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdin&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdin&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdin
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdin
+#[doc(alias = "STDIN_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub unsafe fn take_stdin() -> OwnedFd {
+ backend::fd::OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(c::STDIN_FILENO as RawFd)
+}
+
+/// `STDOUT_FILENO`—Standard output, borrowed.
+///
+/// In `std`-using configurations, this is a safe function, because the
+/// standard library already assumes that the stdout file descriptor is always
+/// valid. In `no_std` configurations, it is `unsafe`.
+///
+/// # Warning
+///
+/// This function allows reading directly from stdout without coordinating
+/// with the buffering performed by [`std::io::Stdout`], so it could cause
+/// corrupted input.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdout.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdout.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdout&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdout&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdout
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdout
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[doc(alias = "STDOUT_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const fn stdout() -> BorrowedFd<'static> {
+ // SAFETY: When "std" is enabled, the standard library assumes that the
+ // stdio file descriptors are all valid.
+ unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(c::STDOUT_FILENO as RawFd) }
+}
+
+/// `STDOUT_FILENO`—Standard output, borrowed.
+///
+/// In `std`-using configurations, this is a safe function, because the
+/// standard library already assumes that the stdout file descriptor is always
+/// valid. In `no_std` configurations, it is `unsafe`.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// In `no_std` configurations, the stdout file descriptor can be closed,
+/// potentially on other threads, in which case the file descriptor index
+/// value could be dynamically reused for other purposes, potentially on
+/// different threads.
+///
+/// # Warning
+///
+/// This function allows reading directly from stdout without coordinating
+/// with the buffering performed by [`std::io::Stdout`], so it could cause
+/// corrupted input.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdout.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdout.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdout&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdout&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdout
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdout
+#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+#[doc(alias = "STDOUT_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const unsafe fn stdout() -> BorrowedFd<'static> {
+ BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(c::STDOUT_FILENO as RawFd)
+}
+
+/// `STDOUT_FILENO`—Standard output, owned.
+///
+/// This is similar to [`stdout`], however it returns an `OwnedFd` which closes
+/// standard output when it is dropped.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// Safe `std`-using Rust code is permitted to assume that the stdout file
+/// descriptor is always valid. This function returns an `OwnedFd` which will
+/// close the stdout file descriptor when dropped.
+///
+/// # Warning
+///
+/// This has the same hazards as [`stdout`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdout.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdout.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdout&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdout&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdout
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdout
+#[doc(alias = "STDOUT_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub unsafe fn take_stdout() -> OwnedFd {
+ backend::fd::OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(c::STDOUT_FILENO as RawFd)
+}
+
+/// `STDERR_FILENO`—Standard error, borrowed.
+///
+/// In `std`-using configurations, this is a safe function, because the
+/// standard library already assumes that the stderr file descriptor is always
+/// valid. In `no_std` configurations, it is `unsafe`.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stderr.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stderr.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stderr&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stderr&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stderr
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stderr
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[doc(alias = "STDERR_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const fn stderr() -> BorrowedFd<'static> {
+ // SAFETY: When "std" is enabled, the standard library assumes that the
+ // stdio file descriptors are all valid.
+ unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(c::STDERR_FILENO as RawFd) }
+}
+
+/// `STDERR_FILENO`—Standard error, borrowed.
+///
+/// In `std`-using configurations, this is a safe function, because the
+/// standard library already assumes that the stderr file descriptor is always
+/// valid. In `no_std` configurations, it is `unsafe`.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// In `no_std` configurations, the stderr file descriptor can be closed,
+/// potentially on other threads, in which case the file descriptor index
+/// value could be dynamically reused for other purposes, potentially on
+/// different threads.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stderr.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stderr.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stderr&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stderr&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stderr
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stderr
+#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+#[doc(alias = "STDERR_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const unsafe fn stderr() -> BorrowedFd<'static> {
+ BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(c::STDERR_FILENO as RawFd)
+}
+
+/// `STDERR_FILENO`—Standard error, owned.
+///
+/// This is similar to [`stderr`], however it returns an `OwnedFd` which closes
+/// standard output when it is dropped.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// Safe std-using Rust code is permitted to assume that the stderr file
+/// descriptor is always valid. This function returns an `OwnedFd` which will
+/// close the stderr file descriptor when dropped.
+///
+/// # Other hazards
+///
+/// This has the same hazards as [`stderr`].
+///
+/// And, when the `OwnedFd` is dropped, subsequent newly created file
+/// descriptors may unknowingly reuse the stderr file descriptor number, which
+/// may break common assumptions, so it should typically only be dropped at the
+/// end of a program when no more file descriptors will be created.
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stderr.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stderr.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stderr&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stderr&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stderr
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stderr
+#[doc(alias = "STDERR_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub unsafe fn take_stderr() -> OwnedFd {
+ backend::fd::OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(c::STDERR_FILENO as RawFd)
+}
+
+/// `STDIN_FILENO`—Standard input, raw.
+///
+/// This is similar to [`stdin`], however it returns a `RawFd`.
+///
+/// # Other hazards
+///
+/// This has the same hazards as [`stdin`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdin.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdin.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdin&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdin.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdin&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdin
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdin
+#[doc(alias = "STDIN_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const fn raw_stdin() -> RawFd {
+ c::STDIN_FILENO as RawFd
+}
+
+/// `STDOUT_FILENO`—Standard output, raw.
+///
+/// This is similar to [`stdout`], however it returns a `RawFd`.
+///
+/// # Other hazards
+///
+/// This has the same hazards as [`stdout`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stdout.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stdout.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdout&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stdout.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stdout&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stdout
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stdout
+#[doc(alias = "STDOUT_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const fn raw_stdout() -> RawFd {
+ c::STDOUT_FILENO as RawFd
+}
+
+/// `STDERR_FILENO`—Standard error, raw.
+///
+/// This is similar to [`stderr`], however it returns a `RawFd`.
+///
+/// # Other hazards
+///
+/// This has the same hazards as [`stderr`].
+///
+/// # References
+/// - [POSIX]
+/// - [Linux]
+/// - [FreeBSD]
+/// - [NetBSD]
+/// - [OpenBSD]
+/// - [DragonFly BSD]
+/// - [illumos]
+/// - [glibc]
+///
+/// [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stderr.html
+/// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stderr.3.html
+/// [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stderr&sektion=4
+/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/stderr.4
+/// [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=stderr&section=4
+/// [illumos]: https://illumos.org/man/4FS/stderr
+/// [glibc]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Standard-Streams.html#index-stderr
+#[doc(alias = "STDERR_FILENO")]
+#[inline]
+pub const fn raw_stderr() -> RawFd {
+ c::STDERR_FILENO as RawFd
+}
+
+/// Utility function to safely `dup2` over stdin (fd 0).
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
+#[allow(clippy::mem_forget)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn dup2_stdin<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd) -> io::Result<()> {
+ // SAFETY: We pass the returned `OwnedFd` to `forget` so that it isn't
+ // dropped.
+ let mut target = unsafe { take_stdin() };
+ backend::io::syscalls::dup2(fd.as_fd(), &mut target)?;
+ forget(target);
+ Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Utility function to safely `dup2` over stdout (fd 1).
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
+#[allow(clippy::mem_forget)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn dup2_stdout<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd) -> io::Result<()> {
+ // SAFETY: We pass the returned `OwnedFd` to `forget` so that it isn't
+ // dropped.
+ let mut target = unsafe { take_stdout() };
+ backend::io::syscalls::dup2(fd.as_fd(), &mut target)?;
+ forget(target);
+ Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Utility function to safely `dup2` over stderr (fd 2).
+#[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "wasi")))]
+#[allow(clippy::mem_forget)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn dup2_stderr<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd) -> io::Result<()> {
+ // SAFETY: We pass the returned `OwnedFd` to `forget` so that it isn't
+ // dropped.
+ let mut target = unsafe { take_stderr() };
+ backend::io::syscalls::dup2(fd.as_fd(), &mut target)?;
+ forget(target);
+ Ok(())
+}