1 files changed, 31 insertions, 18 deletions

diff --git a/adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/resources.rs b/adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/resources.rs
index 0b43565..498a472 100644
--- a/adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/resources.rs
+++ b/adapters/fparkan-render-vulkan/src/ffi/resources.rs
@@ -243,18 +243,25 @@ pub(super) fn create_vertex_buffer(
 
 /// Replaces the bytes of a host-visible static vertex allocation.
 ///
-/// The live renderer waits for the device before calling this helper, so a
+/// The live renderer waits for submitted readers before calling this helper, so a
 /// single shared allocation can safely carry camera-relative sky and weather
 /// geometry between frames.
 pub(super) fn write_static_mesh_vertex_buffer(
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
     buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
+    first_vertex: usize,
     vertices: &[super::VulkanStaticVertex],
 ) -> Result<(), VulkanSmokeRendererError> {
     let bytes = encode_static_vertices(vertices)?;
+    let offset = first_vertex
+        .checked_mul(14 * std::mem::size_of::<f32>())
+        .ok_or(VulkanSmokeRendererError::InvalidStaticMesh {
+            context: "static mesh vertex upload offset overflows address space",
+        })?;
     write_mapped_buffer(
         device,
         buffer,
+        offset,
         &bytes,
         "vkMapMemory(static mesh vertex update)",
     )
@@ -295,29 +302,28 @@ fn encode_static_vertices(
 fn write_mapped_buffer(
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
     buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
+    offset: usize,
     bytes: &[u8],
     context: &'static str,
 ) -> Result<(), VulkanSmokeRendererError> {
-    let byte_len =
-        u64::try_from(bytes.len()).map_err(|_| VulkanSmokeRendererError::InvalidStaticMesh {
-            context: "static mesh upload exceeds address space",
-        })?;
-    if byte_len == 0 {
-        return Err(VulkanSmokeRendererError::InvalidStaticMesh {
-            context: "static mesh upload cannot be empty",
-        });
+    if bytes.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(());
     }
     // SAFETY: The caller validates that the allocation is large enough and
     // waits for all queue work that could read it before this write.
     let mapped = unsafe {
-        device
-            .device()
-            .map_memory(buffer.memory, 0, byte_len, vk::MemoryMapFlags::empty())
+        device.device().map_memory(
+            buffer.memory,
+            0,
+            vk::WHOLE_SIZE,
+            vk::MemoryMapFlags::empty(),
+        )
     }
     .map_err(|result| VulkanSmokeRendererError::VulkanOperation { context, result })?;
-    // SAFETY: `mapped` covers exactly the byte slice copied below.
+    // SAFETY: The caller bounds the upload against the allocation. Mapping
+    // from zero also meets minMemoryMapAlignment for arbitrary vertex offsets.
     unsafe {
-        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(bytes.as_ptr(), mapped.cast::<u8>(), bytes.len());
+        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(bytes.as_ptr(), mapped.cast::<u8>().add(offset), bytes.len());
         device.device().unmap_memory(buffer.memory);
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -351,12 +357,19 @@ pub(super) fn create_index_buffer(
 pub(super) fn write_static_mesh_index_buffer(
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
     buffer: &VulkanAllocatedBuffer,
+    first_index: usize,
     indices: &[u32],
 ) -> Result<(), VulkanSmokeRendererError> {
     let bytes = encode_static_indices(indices)?;
+    let offset = first_index.checked_mul(std::mem::size_of::<u32>()).ok_or(
+        VulkanSmokeRendererError::InvalidStaticMesh {
+            context: "static mesh index upload offset overflows address space",
+        },
+    )?;
     write_mapped_buffer(
         device,
         buffer,
+        offset,
         &bytes,
         "vkMapMemory(static mesh index update)",
     )
@@ -515,7 +528,7 @@ pub(super) fn create_static_texture_image(
     })
 }
 
-/// Allocates two aligned camera slots used by the dynamic frame UBO.
+/// Allocates a main and reflected view slot for each in-flight frame.
 pub(super) fn create_frame_uniform_buffer(
     instance: &VulkanInstanceProbe,
     device: &VulkanLogicalDeviceProbe,
@@ -532,7 +545,7 @@ pub(super) fn create_frame_uniform_buffer(
     )? / alignment
         * alignment;
     let size = stride
-        .checked_mul(super::VULKAN_FRAME_SLOT_COUNT as u64)
+        .checked_mul(2 * super::VULKAN_FRAME_SLOT_COUNT as u64)
         .ok_or(VulkanSmokeRendererError::InvalidStaticMesh {
             context: "frame uniform buffer size overflow",
         })?;
@@ -875,7 +888,7 @@ pub(super) fn write_frame_uniform(
         .ok_or(VulkanSmokeRendererError::InvariantViolation {
             context: "frame uniform slot offset",
         })?;
-    // SAFETY: The offset is one of the two allocated aligned slots and the
+    // SAFETY: The caller supplies an allocated, fence-safe main or reflection slot; the
     // mapped range is exactly one complete frame block.
     let mapped = unsafe {
         device.device().map_memory(
@@ -1372,7 +1385,7 @@ fn create_host_visible_buffer(
     Ok(VulkanAllocatedBuffer { buffer, memory })
 }
 
-fn find_memory_type(
+pub(super) fn find_memory_type(
     instance: &VulkanInstanceProbe,
     physical_device: vk::PhysicalDevice,
     type_bits: u32,