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+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
+
+use core::ops;
+
+// Adapted from https://github.com/crossbeam-rs/crossbeam/blob/9384f1eb2b356364e201ad38545e03c837d55f3a/crossbeam-utils/src/cache_padded.rs.
+/// Pads and aligns a value to the length of a cache line.
+// Starting from Intel's Sandy Bridge, spatial prefetcher is now pulling pairs of 64-byte cache
+// lines at a time, so we have to align to 128 bytes rather than 64.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/manuals/64-ia-32-architectures-optimization-manual.pdf
+// - https://github.com/facebook/folly/blob/1b5288e6eea6df074758f877c849b6e73bbb9fbb/folly/lang/Align.h#L107
+//
+// ARM's big.LITTLE architecture has asymmetric cores and "big" cores have 128-byte cache line size.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://www.mono-project.com/news/2016/09/12/arm64-icache/
+//
+// powerpc64 has 128-byte cache line size.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_ppc64x.go#L9
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cache.h#L26
+#[cfg_attr(
+ any(target_arch = "x86_64", target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "powerpc64"),
+ repr(align(128))
+)]
+// arm, mips, mips64, sparc, and hexagon have 32-byte cache line size.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_arm.go#L7
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_mips.go#L7
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_mipsle.go#L7
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_mips64x.go#L9
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/sparc/include/asm/cache.h#L17
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/hexagon/include/asm/cache.h#L12
+#[cfg_attr(
+ any(
+ target_arch = "arm",
+ target_arch = "mips",
+ target_arch = "mips32r6",
+ target_arch = "mips64",
+ target_arch = "mips64r6",
+ target_arch = "sparc",
+ target_arch = "hexagon",
+ ),
+ repr(align(32))
+)]
+// m68k has 16-byte cache line size.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/m68k/include/asm/cache.h#L9
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "m68k", repr(align(16)))]
+// s390x has 256-byte cache line size.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_s390x.go#L7
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/s390/include/asm/cache.h#L13
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "s390x", repr(align(256)))]
+// x86, wasm, riscv, and sparc64 have 64-byte cache line size.
+//
+// Sources:
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/dda2991c2ea0c5914714469c4defc2562a907230/src/internal/cpu/cpu_x86.go#L9
+// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_wasm.go#L7
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h#L10
+// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/sparc/include/asm/cache.h#L19
+//
+// All others are assumed to have 64-byte cache line size.
+#[cfg_attr(
+ not(any(
+ target_arch = "x86_64",
+ target_arch = "aarch64",
+ target_arch = "powerpc64",
+ target_arch = "arm",
+ target_arch = "mips",
+ target_arch = "mips32r6",
+ target_arch = "mips64",
+ target_arch = "mips64r6",
+ target_arch = "sparc",
+ target_arch = "hexagon",
+ target_arch = "m68k",
+ target_arch = "s390x",
+ )),
+ repr(align(64))
+)]
+pub(crate) struct CachePadded<T> {
+ value: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> CachePadded<T> {
+ #[inline]
+ pub(crate) const fn new(value: T) -> Self {
+ Self { value }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::Deref for CachePadded<T> {
+ type Target = T;
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+ &self.value
+ }
+}
+
+// Adapted from https://github.com/crossbeam-rs/crossbeam/blob/crossbeam-utils-0.8.7/crossbeam-utils/src/backoff.rs.
+// Adjusted to reduce spinning.
+/// Performs exponential backoff in spin loops.
+pub(crate) struct Backoff {
+ step: u32,
+}
+
+// https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB/blob/v2021.5.0/include/oneapi/tbb/detail/_utils.h#L46-L48
+const SPIN_LIMIT: u32 = 4;
+
+impl Backoff {
+ #[inline]
+ pub(crate) const fn new() -> Self {
+ Self { step: 0 }
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ pub(crate) fn snooze(&mut self) {
+ if self.step <= SPIN_LIMIT {
+ for _ in 0..1 << self.step {
+ #[allow(deprecated)]
+ core::sync::atomic::spin_loop_hint();
+ }
+ self.step += 1;
+ } else {
+ #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+ for _ in 0..1 << self.step {
+ #[allow(deprecated)]
+ core::sync::atomic::spin_loop_hint();
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ std::thread::yield_now();
+ }
+ }
+}