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-<div align="center">
- <h1><code>rustix</code></h1>
-
- <p>
- <strong>Safe Rust bindings to POSIX/Unix/Linux/Winsock syscalls</strong>
- </p>
-
- <strong>A <a href="https://bytecodealliance.org/">Bytecode Alliance</a> project</strong>
-
- <p>
- <a href="https://github.com/bytecodealliance/rustix/actions?query=workflow%3ACI"><img src="https://github.com/bytecodealliance/rustix/workflows/CI/badge.svg" alt="Github Actions CI Status" /></a>
- <a href="https://bytecodealliance.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/206238-general"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/zulip-join_chat-brightgreen.svg" alt="zulip chat" /></a>
- <a href="https://crates.io/crates/rustix"><img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rustix.svg" alt="crates.io page" /></a>
- <a href="https://docs.rs/rustix"><img src="https://docs.rs/rustix/badge.svg" alt="docs.rs docs" /></a>
- </p>
-</div>
-
-`rustix` provides efficient memory-safe and [I/O-safe] wrappers to POSIX-like,
-Unix-like, Linux, and Winsock syscall-like APIs, with configurable backends.
-It uses Rust references, slices, and return values instead of raw pointers, and
-[I/O safety types] instead of raw file descriptors, providing memory safety,
-[I/O safety], and [provenance]. It uses `Result`s for reporting errors,
-[`bitflags`] instead of bare integer flags, an [`Arg`] trait with optimizations
-to efficiently accept any Rust string type, and several other efficient
-conveniences.
-
-`rustix` is low-level and, and while the `net` API supports [Windows Sockets 2]
-(Winsock), the rest of the APIs do not support Windows; for higher-level and
-more portable APIs built on this functionality, see the [`cap-std`], [`memfd`],
-[`timerfd`], and [`io-streams`] crates, for example.
-
-`rustix` currently has two backends available:
-
- * linux_raw, which uses raw Linux system calls and vDSO calls, and is
- supported on Linux on x86-64, x86, aarch64, riscv64gc, powerpc64le,
- arm (v5 onwards), mipsel, and mips64el, with stable, nightly, and 1.63 Rust.
- - By being implemented entirely in Rust, avoiding `libc`, `errno`, and pthread
- cancellation, and employing some specialized optimizations, most functions
- compile down to very efficient code, which can often be fully inlined into
- user code.
- - Most functions in `linux_raw` preserve memory, I/O safety, and pointer
- provenance all the way down to the syscalls.
-
- * libc, which uses the [`libc`] crate which provides bindings to native `libc`
- libraries on Unix-family platforms, and [`windows-sys`] for Winsock on
- Windows, and is portable to many OS's.
-
-The linux_raw backend is enabled by default on platforms which support it. To
-enable the libc backend instead, either enable the "use-libc" cargo feature,
-or set the `RUSTFLAGS` environment variable to `--cfg=rustix_use_libc` when
-building.
-
-## Cargo features
-
-The modules [`rustix::io`], [`rustix::fd`], and [`rustix::ffi`] are enabled
-by default. The rest of the API is conditional with cargo feature flags:
-
-| Name | Description |
-| ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `event` | [`rustix::event`]—Polling and event operations. |
-| `fs` | [`rustix::fs`]—Filesystem operations. |
-| `io_uring` | [`rustix::io_uring`]—Linux io_uring. |
-| `mm` | [`rustix::mm`]—Memory map operations. |
-| `mount` | [`rustix::mount`]—Linux mount API. |
-| `net` | [`rustix::net`]—Network-related operations. |
-| `param` | [`rustix::param`]—Process parameters. |
-| `pipe` | [`rustix::pipe`]—Pipe operations. |
-| `process` | [`rustix::process`]—Process-associated operations. |
-| `procfs` | [`rustix::procfs`]—Utilities for reading `/proc` on Linux. |
-| `pty` | [`rustix::pty`]—Pseudoterminal operations. |
-| `rand` | [`rustix::rand`]—Random-related operations. |
-| `shm` | [`rustix::shm`]—POSIX shared memory. |
-| `stdio` | [`rustix::stdio`]—Stdio-related operations. |
-| `system` | [`rustix::system`]—System-related operations. |
-| `termios` | [`rustix::termios`]—Terminal I/O stream operations. |
-| `thread` | [`rustix::thread`]—Thread-associated operations. |
-| `time` | [`rustix::time`]—Time-related operations. |
-| | |
-| `use-libc` | Enable the libc backend. |
-
-[`rustix::event`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/event/index.html
-[`rustix::fs`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/fs/index.html
-[`rustix::io_uring`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/io_uring/index.html
-[`rustix::mm`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/mm/index.html
-[`rustix::mount`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/mount/index.html
-[`rustix::net`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/net/index.html
-[`rustix::param`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/param/index.html
-[`rustix::pipe`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/pipe/index.html
-[`rustix::process`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/process/index.html
-[`rustix::procfs`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/procfs/index.html
-[`rustix::pty`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/pty/index.html
-[`rustix::rand`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/rand/index.html
-[`rustix::shm`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/shm/index.html
-[`rustix::stdio`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/stdio/index.html
-[`rustix::system`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/system/index.html
-[`rustix::termios`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/termios/index.html
-[`rustix::thread`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/thread/index.html
-[`rustix::time`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/time/index.html
-[`rustix::io`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/io/index.html
-[`rustix::fd`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/fd/index.html
-[`rustix::ffi`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/ffi/index.html
-
-## 64-bit Large File Support (LFS) and Year 2038 (y2038) support
-
-`rustix` automatically uses 64-bit APIs when available, and avoids exposing
-32-bit APIs that would have the year-2038 problem or fail to support large
-files. For instance, `rustix::fstatvfs` calls `fstatvfs64`, and returns a
-struct that's 64-bit even on 32-bit platforms.
-
-## Similar crates
-
-`rustix` is similar to [`nix`], [`simple_libc`], [`unix`], [`nc`], [`uapi`],
-and [`rusl`]. `rustix` is architected for [I/O safety] with most APIs using
-[`OwnedFd`] and [`AsFd`] to manipulate file descriptors rather than `File` or
-even `c_int`, and supporting multiple backends so that it can use direct
-syscalls while still being usable on all platforms `libc` supports. Like `nix`,
-`rustix` has an optimized and flexible filename argument mechanism that allows
-users to use a variety of string types, including non-UTF-8 string types.
-
-[`relibc`] is a similar project which aims to be a full "libc", including
-C-compatible interfaces and higher-level C/POSIX standard-library
-functionality; `rustix` just aims to provide safe and idiomatic Rust interfaces
-to low-level syscalls. `relibc` also doesn't tend to support features not
-supported on Redox, such as `*at` functions like `openat`, which are important
-features for `rustix`.
-
-`rustix` has its own code for making direct syscalls, similar to the
-[`syscall`], [`sc`], and [`scall`] crates, using the Rust `asm!` macro.
-`rustix` can also use Linux's vDSO mechanism to optimize Linux `clock_gettime`
-on all architectures, and all Linux system calls on x86. And `rustix`'s
-syscalls report errors using an optimized `Errno` type.
-
-`rustix`'s `*at` functions are similar to the [`openat`] crate, but `rustix`
-provides them as free functions rather than associated functions of a `Dir`
-type. `rustix`'s `CWD` constant exposes the special `AT_FDCWD` value in a safe
-way, so users don't need to open `.` to get a current-directory handle.
-
-`rustix`'s `openat2` function is similar to the [`openat2`] crate, but uses I/O
-safety types rather than `RawFd`. `rustix` does not provide dynamic feature
-detection, so users must handle the [`NOSYS`] error themselves.
-
-`rustix`'s `termios` module is similar to the [`termios`] crate, but uses I/O
-safety types rather than `RawFd`, and the flags parameters to functions such as
-`tcsetattr` are `enum`s rather than bare integers. And, rustix calls its
-`tcgetattr` function `tcgetattr`, rather than `Termios::from_fd`.
-
-## Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV)
-
-This crate currently works on the version of [Rust on Debian stable], which is
-currently [Rust 1.63]. This policy may change in the future, in minor version
-releases, so users using a fixed version of Rust should pin to a specific
-version of this crate.
-
-## Minimum Linux Version
-
-On Linux platforms, rustix requires at least Linux 3.2. This is at most the
-oldest Linux version supported by:
- - [any current Rust target], or
- - [kernel.org] at the time of rustix's [MSRV] release.
-The specifics of this policy may change in the future, but we intend it to
-always reflect “very old” Linux versions.
-
-[MSRV]: #minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv
-[Rust 1.63]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2022/08/11/Rust-1.63.0.html
-[any current Rust target]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html
-[kernel.org]: https://www.kernel.org/releases.html
-[Rust on Debian stable]: https://packages.debian.org/stable/rust/rustc
-[Windows Sockets 2]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/windows-sockets-start-page-2
-[`nix`]: https://crates.io/crates/nix
-[`unix`]: https://crates.io/crates/unix
-[`nc`]: https://crates.io/crates/nc
-[`simple_libc`]: https://crates.io/crates/simple_libc
-[`uapi`]: https://crates.io/crates/uapi
-[`rusl`]: https://lib.rs/crates/rusl
-[`relibc`]: https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/relibc
-[`syscall`]: https://crates.io/crates/syscall
-[`sc`]: https://crates.io/crates/sc
-[`scall`]: https://crates.io/crates/scall
-[`openat`]: https://crates.io/crates/openat
-[`openat2`]: https://crates.io/crates/openat2
-[I/O safety types]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/index.html#structs
-[`termios`]: https://crates.io/crates/termios
-[`libc`]: https://crates.io/crates/libc
-[`windows-sys`]: https://crates.io/crates/windows-sys
-[`cap-std`]: https://crates.io/crates/cap-std
-[`memfd`]: https://crates.io/crates/memfd
-[`timerfd`]: https://crates.io/crates/timerfd
-[`io-streams`]: https://crates.io/crates/io-streams
-[`bitflags`]: https://crates.io/crates/bitflags
-[`Arg`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/path/trait.Arg.html
-[I/O-safe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/3128-io-safety.md
-[I/O safety]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/3128-io-safety.md
-[provenance]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95228
-[`OwnedFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/struct.OwnedFd.html
-[`AsFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/os/fd/trait.AsFd.html
-[`NOSYS`]: https://docs.rs/rustix/*/rustix/io/struct.Errno.html#associatedconstant.NOSYS